Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Ketone doai
Patent
1991-09-10
1993-06-29
Raymond, Richard L.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Ketone doai
514919, 424DIG10, A01N 3506
Patent
active
052235424
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FILED
The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the six toothed spruce bark beetle, Pityogenes chalcographus.
The object of the present invention is to inhibit the infestation of the six toothed spruce bark beetle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The interest for biological methods for inhibiting pest insects has steadily increased during the last decade. This is particularly due for pheromones, the specie specific signal substances which some animals, in particular insects, communicate with, inter alia to find a partner prior to mating. Pheromone based inhibiting methods against pest insects are characterized in that 1) they are highly species specific, 2) the chemical compounds used are relatively simple, and biologically active in very small amounts to the target organism, often nanogram amounts, and 3) the insects have great difficulty in developing resistance against these natural signal compounds.
The high species specificity of the pheromones means that pheromone based inhibiting agents are directed almost only against individuals of one single species. Sometimes, furthermore, against closely related species. The chemical composition of the pheromones is as a rule of such a type that they will quite easily decompose by UV-light and microorganisms after an application. Then they are decomposed to compounds which are completely harmless to other organisms. This is natural as the pheromones as a behavior signal shall be short lived. They are thus not accumulated in higher organisms in a nutritional chain. The development of resistance in the insects against species specific pheromones is extremely improbable. In spite of a considerable use of, pheromones in the inhibition of e.g., a cotton fly in California for a whole decade, no resistance has developed. No change whatsoever in the composition of the pheromone has been demonstrated.
For the reason given above pheromone based inhibiting methods against pest insects are particularly harmless to the environment. Furthermore, they have proven to be extremely efficient.
Inhibition of forest damaging insects is an area where pheromone based inhibiting methods already are of great importance and have great economic value is at stake. This is particularly true for bark beetles which every year causes great losses both in the form of killed trees, growth losses and other damage, e.g., blueing fungus.
The six toothed spruce bark beetle, Pityogenes chacographus is one of the most serious forest pest insects in Europe. It can under certain circumstances attack and kill standing healthy spruces to a great extent.
The specie normally mates in healthy as well as in dying trees, e.g., wind fallen trees. The larvae live off the nutritionally rich bast layer (phloem) underneath the outer bark. A male that bores into that excretes a pheromone consisting of 2-ethyl-1,6-dioxaspiro-.vertline.4,4.vertline.-nonane, having the trivial name chalcogran (CH) and methyl-2,4-decadienoate (MD). Both substances are used commercially today as attractants. In the case of chalcogran, it is referred to in U.S. Pat. No. 4,205,084, and in the case of methyl decadienoate it is referred to in the Swedish Patent Application SE-A-8600448-8. Of chalcogran the 2S,5R-enantiomer is preferred, and of methyl ester the 2E,4Z isomer is preferred. The pheromone attracts females to the tree but also other males. The pheromone is well known and is utilized since it has long been used on a commercial scale as an attraction agent in traps for catching the six toothed spruce bark beetle.
The amount of pheromone excreted by an inbored male increases during the first days and thereby further males and females of the specie are attracted. By attracting further males he will obtain help in breaking down the defense system of the tree present in the form of a rich resin gum flow. The male will then gnaw out a mating chamber and is ready to allow one or more females therein, which after mating will start laying eggs therein. The amount of pheromone attraction agent then deceases and is d
REFERENCES:
patent: 4325941 (1982-04-01), Dal Moro et al.
patent: 4839383 (1989-06-01), Vite 514691
Bakke, Alf, "Inhibition of the Response in IPS Typographus . . . ", Z. Angew Entomol. 92(2), 1981, pp. 172-177.
Heuer et al., "Chalcogran: Unique Kairomone-governed Predator-prey Relations Among Ostomid and Scolytid Beetles". Naturwissenschaften vol. 71 (4), 1984, pp. 214-215.
Byers John
Lofquist Jan
Pak John D.
Raymond Richard L.
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