Food or edible material: processes – compositions – and products – Treatment of live animal
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-07
2001-04-24
Sayala, Chhaya D. (Department: 1761)
Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
Treatment of live animal
C426S053000, C426S807000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06221404
ABSTRACT:
Method for improving the efficacy of a probiotic, preparation of nutritional additives, and animal feed containing it.
The present invention relates to a method for improving the zootechnic efficacy of the probiotic constituted by
Bacillus cereus
CIP 5832, a preparation of nonmedicinal nutritional additives, and the animal feed containing it.
The probiotics constitute a class of nonmedicinal nutritional additives which are used increasingly in animal production and animal nutrition.
Probiotics are live microorganisms which, once they are ingested, are capable of improving the zootechnic performances of the animals, both in mammals and in birds. The zootechnic performances which are most sought after by livestock breeders are the growth of the animals and their feed conversion index (amount of feed required for producing one unit of weight gain).
A number of species and strains of bacteria, yeasts or fungi have been proposed as probiotics.
The most frequently used method of administering a probiotic is incorporation of the additive into the feed or the drinking water of the animals.
Whether in the feed or in the drinking water, in order for the probiotic to be efficacious it is necessary for the physiological integrity of the microorganism which constitutes it to be preserved and for the microorganism to remain alive.
Thus, patent FR-2 616 662 teaches that
Bacillus cereus
CIP 5832 increases the growth and reduces the feed conversion index of several animal species, both birds and mammals. To achieve these zootechnic effects, the probiotic must be incorporated at 100,000 to 5,000,000 revivable microorganisms per gram of feed.
The patent EP-0 399 819 teaches that the efficacy of the probiotic constituted by
Bacillus cereus
var. toyoi can be preserved by protecting its integrity by incorporating the probiotic into a carbohydrate obtained from a cereal.
R. HAVENAAR et al. (Selection of strains for probiotic use. In Probiotics. The Scientific Basis. Edited by R. FULLER. Chapman & Hall Ed., 1992, pages 209-224) have described the in vitro selection criteria for microorganisms which can be used as probiotics. Amongst those criteria, resistance to antibiotics and to antimicrobial substances is a necessity.
Lysozyme is a natural antimicrobial polypeptide found in a number of organs or body fluids of humans and animals, and even of plants. Thus, lysozyme can be isolated from milk, tear fluid, saliva and nasal mucus of humans. It is found in the milk and the colostrum of cows. It has also been possible to isolate the lysozyme from cauliflower juice. However, the most important source which allows lysozyme to be extracted on an industrial scale is chicken albumen.
Lysozyme is an enzyme (muramidase, E.C. 3.2.1.17) capable of lysing the bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and the N-acetylglucosamine of peptidoglycans which are found in large quantities in the walls of gram-positive bacteria. This is why lysozyme has an antimicrobial action on gram-positive bacteria. Amongst this group of bacteria,
Bacillus cereus
is sensitive to the inhibitory action of lysozyme.
This antimicrobial property of lysozyme allows it to be currently used as a preservative in human nutrition and as a medicament in human pharmacology.
Patent FR-2 450 110 teaches that lysozyme can be used for treating domestic animals, both mammals or birds.
This patent claims:
1. A composition for treating animals which are suffering from an infection caused by microorganisms, characterized in that it comprises, as active principle, lysozyme or a nontoxic salt of the latter.
2. Solid or liquid nutritional products for domestic animals, characterized in that they comprise lysozyme and/or at least one nontoxic salt of the latter.
3. Feed for domestic animals, characterized in that it comprises lysozyme and/or at least one nontoxic salt of the latter.
K. KOUDELA et al. (Zivocisna Vyroba, 1995, 40(7), 313-317) have demonstrated that lysozyme has beneficial effects on the growth and the feed conversion index of chickens which ingest 5, 10, 15 and 20 milligrams of lysozyme per kilogram of feed. Growth and feed conversion index were improved while the plasma corticosterone concentrations of the chickens remained the same.
Even though
Bacillus cereus
CIP 5832 is inhibited in vitro by lysozyme, it has been found unexpectedly that the advantageous zootechnic effects of this probiotic are intensified in vivo in animals, both mammals and birds, by adminstration of lysozyme by the oral route, preferably simultaneously.
The present invention therefore relates to the use of lysozyme for intensifying the zootechnic effects of the probiotic constituted by
Bacillus cereus
CIP 5832.
As far as we known, this synergism between lysozyme and a Bacillus has never been described and, naturally, the mechanism which can explain this synergistic action is unknown.
The use doses of the probiotic constituted by
Bacillus cereus
CIP 5832 are those currently used for this probiotic, viz. 100,000 to 5,000,000 revivable microorganisms per gram of feed. The administration doses of lysozyme or one of its salts are 5 to 200 milligrams per kilogram of feed, preferably 10 to 100 milligrams per kilogram of feed, depending on the desired technical and economical effect.
The nonexhaustive examples which illustrate the invention are not by way of limitation.
REFERENCES:
patent: 0 296 051 (1988-12-01), None
patent: 2 450 110 (1980-09-01), None
Brongniart Isabelle
Guyonvarch Alain
Nguyen Tan Hung
Burns Doane Swecker & Mathis L.L.P.
Hoechst Roussel Vet S.A.
Sayala Chhaya D.
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