Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging – Serially connected batteries or cells – With discharge of cells or batteries
Patent
1995-05-24
1996-12-10
Wong, Peter S.
Electricity: battery or capacitor charging or discharging
Serially connected batteries or cells
With discharge of cells or batteries
320 21, 320 35, H01M 1044, H02J 716
Patent
active
055838715
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention is related to the high-speed charging of secondary batteries and, more specifically, to a high-speed charging apparatus and high-speed charging method for such secondary batteries as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium ion batteries.
The present invention is configured so as to enable, with regard to nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen (Ni/H2) and lithium ion secondary batteries, the monitoring of the temperature and voltage of the battery during the recharging process, and so as to stop said charging process when these monitored parameters of either temperature or temperature and voltage reach a particular condition.
BACKGROUND ART
Secondary batteries (secondary cells) such as Nickel-cadmium storage batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, or lithium ion batteries can be recharged any number of times during their useful lifetimes. It is widely known by persons skilled in the art that this recharging process must be performed under careful control to minimize the damaging affects to the storage battery. (For example refer to "Charging Storage Batteries: Extending Useful Life", Bob Williams, "Cellular Business" April, 1989, pp 44 to 49.)
At the beginning of secondary battery recharging technology, the process of recharging required as much as a number of hours. As consumer products powered by secondary batteries became more and more common, there arose a need for a system capable of charging times measured in minutes rather than hours.
While it is possible to fast charge a secondary battery, to prevent irreversible damage to the storage battery, the storage battery recharging process must be performed with even more care. (For example refer to "Latest Information on Nickel-Cadmium Batteries" in the report of the September 1990 Cadmium Society Brussels Seminar, published in November, 1990.)
Prior art has shown that a variety of systems have been developed for the fast recharging of secondary batteries. In these systems it has been standard to monitor the voltage and/or temperature of the storage battery being charged, and to interrupt or change the charging current applied to the storage battery when the temperature or voltage reaches a preestablished level. Typical prior art is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,006,397 (Catotti et al).
Japanese patent publications Sho 62-23528 and Sho 62-23529 disclose a method for use in recharging of secondary batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, wherein the voltage waveform of the battery is observed during charging, a number of deflection points appearing in the voltage waveform being stored beforehand, and if the stored deflection points occurred in a given sequence, the charging process is interrupted. In this method, however, it is required for each type of battery to store beforehand the variations occurring in the voltage waveform of that type of battery during the charging process, and to change the stored contents before charging to contents appropriate to the type of battery to be recharged, not only making operation complex, but giving no assurance, by reasons of the charging environment and history of the battery, that the voltage output waveform of the battery would follow in sequence an a amplitude the stored information, thereby making it impossible to perform accurate charging and recharging, making it difficult to perform high-speed charging without causing loss of battery performance.
In addition to nickel-cadmium, nickel-hydrogen and lithium ion batteries exist as secondary batteries.
Previously the recharging of the above-mentioned secondary batteries, it required from 6 hours to even as much as 16 hours in some instances, and even with what was called fast charging at over a relatively short time, still required 1 to 2 hours.
In the past, although in recharging what were called rechargeable batteries or storage batteries for use in their intended purposes, it was known that it was desirable to make the charging time as short as possible, the limitations imposed by the rise in internal b
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Battery-Based Systems Demand Unique ICs, Electronic Design, vol. 41, No. 14, pp. 47-61, Jul. 8, 1993.
Miyamoto Isamu
Simmonds Stewart N.
Datalink Corporation
Toatley , Jr. Gregory J.
Wong Peter S.
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