Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products
Patent
1978-12-06
1980-01-01
Williams, Howard S.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
204 64R, 204 64T, 204 65, 204 68, 204 70, 204243R, C25C 306, C25C 316, C25C 326, C25C 334
Patent
active
041815831
ABSTRACT:
A method is described for controllably heating an electrolytic cell used for the production of metal, e.g., aluminum, from a compound of the metal, e.g., alumina, to a desired temperature. The method is especially applicable to electrolytic cells which have refractory hard metal articles, e.g., Group 4b metal diboride articles, as internal elements of the cell. The electrolytic cell is brought to the desired temperature, e.g., substantially operating temperature, from ambient temperature by placing a resistance heater having a positive change in resistivity with temperature within the cell and passing current through the heater. Typically, a plurality of heaters is used. In one embodiment, the heaters are placed close to but spaced from the refractory hard metal articles. The heaters are usually connected in parallel to a source of electrical power and in a preferred embodiment are in electrical contact with the cathode and anode of the electrolytic cell. Sufficient current is passed through the resistance heaters to raise the temperature thereof to at least the desired temperature, thereby heating the cell to the desired temperature. The refractory hard metal articles can be part of the electrical circuit.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2915442 (1959-12-01), Lewis
patent: 3028324 (1962-04-01), Ransley
patent: 3400061 (1968-09-01), Lewis et al.
patent: 3960696 (1976-01-01), Wittner
patent: 4045307 (1977-08-01), Turley
patent: 4071420 (1978-01-01), Foster et al.
Mantell, Electrochemical Engineering (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.) 4th ed. (1960) pp. 398-427.
Holden Calvin B.
Steiger Roger A.
PPG Industries Inc.
Stein Irwin M.
Williams Howard S.
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