Communications: electrical – Selective – Having electron beam device
Patent
1975-11-07
1977-07-26
Birmiel, Howard A.
Communications: electrical
Selective
Having electron beam device
181104, 181106, 181112, 181119, 340 155SW;, 175 1, 175 50, G01V 100
Patent
active
040386317
ABSTRACT:
A method for generating and detecting seismic shear wave energy in the earth are disclosed useful for determining shear wave velocities in localized regions in the earth at sites where foundations of large civil engineering structures are proposed or earth embankments and dams have been built, thereby providing information affecting the basic dynamic design parameters for constructing or evaluating the project and obtaining earthquake resistant design. An airgun of elongated generally cylindrical configuration and having a single discharge port opening out radially on one side only for abruptly releasing compressed air in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the airgun is lowered into a borehole in a manner and by apparatus to control the direction in azimuth at which this single lateral discharge port is aimed. The airgun is fired at predetermined vertical intervals in the borehole for generating seismic shear wave energy, the resultant waves being sensed by geophones located at the same depth in other boreholes. Azimuthal aiming of the discharge port optimizes the generation of P waves or S waves relative to the geophone detecting stations. Aiming of the discharge port "in line" is more suitable for P wave determination and aiming transversely is more suitable for S wave determinations. Where earth layers or strata of special interest are encountered, the airgun is fired at more closely spaced vertical intervals, and if this layer is inclined, the geophones are raised or lowered in their boreholes to be positioned within the same layer.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3053338 (1962-09-01), Blizard
patent: 3475722 (1969-10-01), White
patent: 3614891 (1971-10-01), Nolte
patent: 3653460 (1972-04-01), Chelminski
patent: 3808822 (1974-05-01), Chelminski
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