Education and demonstration – Computer logic – operation – or programming instruction
Reexamination Certificate
1997-06-18
2001-01-09
O'Neill, Michael (Department: 3713)
Education and demonstration
Computer logic, operation, or programming instruction
C706S927000, C706S016000, C706S027000, C706S047000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06171109
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(1) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for intellectually processing an information and an apparatus for carrying out the method and, in particular, a method for building knowledge base and an intellectual information processing device used in solving problems.
The objective of this disclosure is to propose a new computer system which is truly intelligent and behaves like a person at problem solving. Here the term problem solving is used in a very wide sense to mean every activity to derive answer meeting given conditions in a given environment.
(2) Description of the Prior Art
There have been a lot of systems which have been called intelligent. The inventor however does not know any truly intelligent system. A person can develop computer programs, for example, because he/she is truly intelligent. There is no such a system that can do in the same way as the person. As a goal of this research therefore, the inventor intends to develop a system that can develop computer program as a person does.
There is a big difference in the organization and the functional characteristics between person and computer. For some specific problems computers have larger problem solving capability than individual persons. However these computers become unable to solve a problem if the problem itself or some condition based on which the computer program was developed change even slightly. A computer program as a problem solver is compared to a very thin rigid wire connecting the start and goal of a given problem without capability of self adjusting. Even with this rigid characteristic a computer program can reach a goal at a long distance from the start if the program is carefully made and no change occurs. But making such computer programs is itself a problem of a different type which cannot be solved by the computer program itself. That is, this style of problem solving can cover only a special type of problems.
Persons on the other hand can adapt to the change of the situations to a large extent. With the similar metaphor as applied to computers, problem solving by persons is like a broad and flexible belt with capability of adjusting itself to direct toward goal. Collaboration of persons is much easier with this adaptability while collaboration of two or more problem solvers of which at least one is a computer program is not easy. The total power of persons who collaborate for solving problems, i.e. both the depth (the scale and complexity of problems to be solved) and breadth (diversity of problems to be solved), is far greater than that of a computer program, even though an individual person has less power than elaborated computer programs have for specific problem solving.
Thus the largest difference between persons and computers in problem solving is the adaptability to different and changing situations, i.e., autonomy in solving rather complex problems (not toy-level problems including programming) and generality to include the wide range of activities in the actual scope. If computer systems happen to acquire both generality and autonomy in solving real problems without other's help, then the systems will be able to collaborate with other systems and/or persons to create greater power.
Generality and autonomy were the objectives of expert system design. But most of the expert systems which have been developed so far showed generality and autonomy only in a limited extent. This is due to the lack of the consideration on making computers truly intelligent and, as the result, the software architecture of these systems were too simple to give them generality and autonomy. In addition to expert systems some attempts were made to develop intelligent systems such as electronic secretary systems. The same characteristics are required to these systems as discussed above but no substantial discussion has been made on the way of building such systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Thus the goal is to give computer systems autonomy and generality comparable with those of persons so that they can behave like persons. Key problems which must necessarily be considered in order to achieve the goal are as follows:
(1) How to aid persons for externalizing their ideas ?
(2) How to assure the generality and autonomy for solving large and complex real problems ?
(3) How to meet the time requirement as well ?
The first problem concerns with cognitive aspect of persons. It is important because problems are generated by persons and the computer's role is to aid the person to solve them. The second and third issues are concerning with the methods of problem solving. The second problem requires the development of a general and autonomous problem solver. It must be very different from those developed in the past such as GPS (general Problem Solver) because the problems to be considered are far larger and more complex than those dealt with by these systems. A new technology to solve complex problems must be developed. The third issue is indispensable for making computers practically usable. It is believed that there is a trade-off between generality and time requirement of processing. What is required here however is not a matter of balancing but a new method to fulfill the requirements for both generality and processing time.
The commonly known intellectual information processing device having a general purpose knowledge structure has a disadvantage in that a performance for solving a specific problem is degraded, as the device increases its generality.
Therefore, in order to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for building a model used for retrieving some knowledge from the generic purpose knowledge base.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an intellectual information processing device for solving a problem represented in a form of a model by extracting parts of the generic purpose knowledge base by means of the model.
According to the present invention, the above-mentioned object is achieved by a method for generating a multi-strata model for modeling not only objects but activities of subjects including persons in an information processing device for solving problems, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) defining a first level subject and a first level object associated with the first level subject and building a first level model from the first level object in response to a said first level subject's interest, said first level being corresponding to a first level of problem solving levels; and
(b) defining a second level subject as well as a second level object, and building a second level model representing said second level object on the basis of an analysis of activities of said first level subject for solving first level problems with respect to said first level object, said second level being corresponding to a second level which is one level higher than said first level of the problem solving levels and said second level object representing activities of said first level subject during a building of said first level.
The another object of the present invention is achieved by an intellectual information processing device for solving a problem represented in a form of a model, comprising an intellectual function knowledge base which is structured such that an upper layer function corresponding to a more complex function is represented by lower layer corresponding to less complex function, the device further comprising:
a means for building a multi-strata object model hierarchically representing a relation between a subject for solving a problem and an object associated with the subject;
a problem solving means for selecting some knowledge from said intellectual function knowledge base in accordance with a situation to be concerned and sequentially modifying said model based on the selected knowledge, thus achieving a final model for creating a solution of the problem; and
a means, in response to a request supplied to an
Adin Research, Inc.
Harris Chanda
Ladas & Parry
O'Neill Michael
LandOfFree
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