Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
Patent
1998-07-27
1999-12-14
Levy, Neil S.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Biocides; animal or insect repellents or attractants
424407, 424408, 424409, 424438, 424442, 424450, 424451, 424456, 424464, 424484, 424489, 424490, 424 45, 424 46, 424 47, 424DIG8, 514407, 514937, 514944, 514962, A01N 2502, A01N 4356
Patent
active
060013842
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an improvement to processes for controlling myiasis in large animals such as cattle and sheep. The invention also relates to compositions for carrying out this process, and to the use of known parasiticides for the preparation of such compositions.
Myiasis, which is an extremely widespread parasitosis, originates from various species of flies which lay their eggs on the animal, generally in a wound, after which the larvae resulting from hatching of the eggs grow in the subcutaneous or muscle tissues and result in deep wounds which become overinfected, often requiring the slaughter of the infested animal.
Cattle and sheep, in particular those which are reared in open pasture, in which the parasite density may be extreme, depending on the region, are subject to many wounds which serve as a point of entry. Moreover, the parasites which cause myiasis tend to attack the animals systematically after operations such as castration, removal of the horns and branding, thereby making it necessary to carry out difficult and expensive monitoring of these animals, without preventing considerable losses.
Direct control of the adult flies by treating the animal is practically inconceivable since these insects generally spend very little time on the animal. Controlling the larval stages is also much more difficult than controlling the usual ectoparasites or external parasites.
Certain systemic-action organophosphorus compounds may be used with relative success, but these compounds are generally relatively active only on certain species of flies, which complicates the control of these parasites.
Certain endectocidal compounds with systemic action, in particular ivermectin, are effective but expensive.
In the case of established myiasis, treatment with certain insecticides, in particular organophosphorus agents, allows the larvae to be destroyed. However, the cicatrization of deep wounds takes a long time, during which time the animal's wound tends to become reinfested, thereby necessitating monitoring and further treatments of the animal.
The invention proposes to overcome these drawbacks and to provide an improved process for controlling myiasis which is simple, inexpensive, highly effective over a very long period and entirely compatible with the constraints of open-pasture rearing, including that in regions which are subject to very high parasite densities.
Another aim of the invention is to provide an improved, inexpensive process for preventing myiasis under conditions of open-pasture rearing.
Another aim of the invention is to provide a process for controlling myiasis which allows the affected animal to be treated, including that in the case of large wounds, and to ensure, in a single step, elimination of the myiasis and cicatrization of the wound sufficiently to prevent the wound from being reinfested by flies, all this being without the need for any specific surveillance or a further operation on the animal.
A new family of insecticides based on 1-N-phenylpyrazoles has been described in patents EP-A-295,217 and EP-A-352,944. These compounds, which are extremely active against a certain number of plant parasites, as well as against animal parasites such as fleas, have not been described in applications for the prevention or treatment of myiasis, although the case of the flies which cause myiasis has been mentioned.
In point of fact, an extremely effective means of control for the prevention and treatment of myiasis poses many, sometimes contradictory, requirements which are extremely difficult to satisfy simultaneously.
Thus, the active compound should be inexpensive and easy to administer to the animal. It should have a persistent action, thus avoiding the addition of many treatment steps. It should also effectively prevent or eliminate other parasites liable to create points of entry for the flies which give rise to myiasis.
The subject of the invention is a process for controlling myiasis in cattle and sheep livestock, characterized in that a larvicidal dose of a compound of formul
REFERENCES:
patent: 4963575 (1990-10-01), Buntain et al.
Siegmund et al. Ed.--Merck Veterinary Brent Manual pp. 740-746, Merck, 1973 .
Frommer William S.
Kowalski Thomas J.
Levy Neil S.
Merial
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