Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Fatty compounds having an acid moiety which contains the...
Patent
1995-09-21
1997-10-14
Dees, Jose' G.
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Fatty compounds having an acid moiety which contains the...
554 78, 554 80, 554 82, 554 83, C07C 100
Patent
active
056774729
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for extracting sphingomyelin from a phospholipid-containing fat concentrate.
2. Description of the Background
Sphingomyelin is a lipid of great biological importance. It is to be found in all animal tissues and lipoproteins, especially in plasma membranes and closely related cell parts. The content of sphingomyelins in most animal tissues varies in the range of about 2-15% of the total phospholipid content. Erythrocytes, peripheral nerves and cerebral substance have high sphingomyelin contents of 20-30%.
The only phospholipid which has till now been prepared on a large scale is phosphatidylcholine. The other phospholipids are present in mixtures only. Preparations containing phospholipids are used in different fields, such as in foodstuffs, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. In the pharmaceutical field, there are two different principles of using phospholipids. The phospholipids may constitute active ingredients in certain medical preparations, but they may also be used to transport medical preparations in the body. At a sufficiently high concentration of phospholipids in water, there are formed closed, liquid-filled spheres, so-called liposomes. Liposomes can be "charged" with constituents and function as small "transport bags".
Sphingomyelins have many different potential applications, among others:
As an effective constituent in skin preparations. Sphingomyelins have a high absorbent capacity and increase the permeability barrier of the skin. It has also been proved that skin irritations are moderated and the healing of wounds is accelerated.
For enrichment of infant formulae. The content of sphingomyelins in commercial infant formulae which are available at present is considerably lower than in human milk.
A derivative of sphingomyelins (sphingosin) has bactericidal properties.
Phospholipids from milk are considered to provide protection against gastric ulcer. They have a surface-active effect and form a hydrophobic layer on the intestinal mucous membrane, which provides protection against gastric acid.
Possible raw material sources for sphingomyelins are, inter alia, milk products, blood products and egg products.
About 0.6% of the total fat content in milk consists of phospholipids. Five different phospholipids are present in butterfat, the approximate percentage distribution being as follows: phosphatidylcholine 34%, phosphatidylethanolamine 32%, sphingomyelin 25%, phosphatidylinositol 5% and phosphatidylserine 3%.
Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the commonest phospholipids both in vegetable tissues and animal tissues. Sphingomyelins, however, are to be found but in animal tissues and are one of the main components in all animal cell membranes.
The various phospholipids resemble each other chemically and physically and therefore are difficult to separate from each other (see FIG. 1).
For the possible applications of sphingomyelin it is most important that sphingomyelin can be extracted in a form which is as pure as possible, and essentially free from other phospholipids.
Prior art methods for extracting phospholipids from fat mixtures comprise separation by precipitation or by chromatography (columns).
A well-known method for separating phospholipids from a lipid-containing concentrate is precipitation from ice-cold acetone. This method is described by, inter alia, Andrews, A. G., J. Chromatogr. 336 (1984) 139, and by Baumy, J. J. et al, Process No. 1047, pp. 29-33. By this method, all phospholipids in the concentrate precipitate in the form of a mixture.
There are many publications describing separation of phospholipids by means of columns, both on a scale of analysis and on a preparative scale. In general, silica gel is used as column packing, but also a bound polar packing can be used, e.g. DIOL or CN packing. The two most frequently used eluting systems are hexane/isopropanol/water and acetonitrile/water. Christie, W. W., J. Soc. Dairy Tech. 40, I (1987) pp. 10-12, describes
REFERENCES:
Derwent Abstract of JP-01016708, 1989.
Derwent Abstract of SU-1133275 1985.
Journal of Chromatography, vol. 336, pp. 139-150, 1984, A.G. Andrews, "Estimation of Amniotic Fluid Phospholipids by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography".
Journal of the Society of Dairy Technology, vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 10-12, Feb. 1987, W.W. Christie, et al., "Phospholipids in Milk and Dairy Products".
Database WPI, Derwent Publications, AN 89-064953/09, JP-A-1 016 708, Jan. 20, 1989.
Database WPI, Derwent Publications, AN 85-188560/31, SU-A-1 133 275, Jan. 7, 1985.
Burling Hans
Nyberg Lena
Carr Deborah D.
Dees Jos,e G.
Svenska Mejeriernas Riksfoerening Ekonomi AB
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