Liquid purification or separation – Processes – Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...
Patent
1989-01-30
1990-09-04
Sever, Frank
Liquid purification or separation
Processes
Liquid/liquid solvent or colloidal extraction or diffusing...
210647, 21032175, 21032184, B01D 6308
Patent
active
049542613
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for extracting compounds of high added value, and in particular biochemical compounds, from complex solutions and to a device provided with a reactive membrane, suitable for performing this method.
2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In biology, many trans-membranal passages of molecules or of ions occur with a saturation kinetics and are attributed to an enzymatic mechanism of the permease type. When the membranal system is capable of causing the molecule or the ion transported to pass from one side where it occurs at a low electrochemical potential to the other side where its electrochemical potential is higher, the mechanism which constitutes an active transport necessitates the presence of an asymmetry. Thus, the study of certain ion or molecular pumps has shown an asymmetric location of the reaction sites within membranes, whether this be in the structural asymmetry of a protein, like for example its organization in sub-units, certain of these sub-units being on the inner surface of the membrane, others on the outer surface, as for ATPase, or this be in the structural asymmetry of the transport system, which may be multi-enzymatic or comprise several protein complexes or the like located at quite specific plates of the membrane as in the chain of respiration, photo-systems, etc . . .
The in vivo study of these mechanisms always remains of great complexity. Modelization, in using simpler artificial systems in which the number of parameters is limited, enables complex biological phenomena to be approached, whilst realizing active transports of ions or of molecules. Thus there have been proposed in the prior art active transport models in which the asymmetry necessary for the vectorial transport is structural, that is to say it forms an asymmetric distribution of enzyme molecules in the membrane [cf THOMAS & CAPLAN "Membrane Separation Processes", Ed. MEARES, ELSEVIER, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1976), 351].
One of the inventors has shown that it is possible to replace this permanent structural asymmetry by a functional asymmetry in which the reactions are activated or inhibited by an effector [(J.C. VINCENT, These de Doctorat es Sciences, Rouen, France (1980)]; this functional asymmetry has been demonstrated in a model constituted by a membrane with two enzymes distributed uniformly, in which the enzymatic functions are distributed in space, by introducing and by maintaining a pH gradient on the membrane (SELEGNY and
VINCENT, BIOPHYS. CHEM. 12 (1980) 93-106 and 12 (1980) 107-113)]. A publication of the CNRS Colloquium No. 258 (1976) on TRANSMEMBRANAL IONIC EXCHANGES IN PLANTS entitled "ACTIVE TRANSPORT OF GLUCOSE IN VITRO, ILLUSTRATION OF ASYMMETRICAL FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES AND OF ALLOTOPIA" appearing under the signature of J.C. VINCENT, E. SELEGNY and Y. describes an active transport membrane of glucose showing this type of functional asymmetry. This active membrane is obtained by casting an agarose gel containing hexokinase and acid phosphatase into a film which is treated with glutaraldehyde and which therefore contains the immobilized enzymes, distributed homogeneously. On the sides of the active membrane are placed structures constituting barriers bearing negative charges (which "barriers" are named "valves" in this publication), which are of agarose containing polyacrylic acid and which have the purpose of avoiding the diffusion of charged glucose-phosphate ions, through the active membrane see also the article entitled "TWO ENZYME ACTIVE TRANSPORT IN VITRO WITH PH-INDUCED ASYMMETRICAL FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURES - I - THE MODEL AND ITS ANALYTICAL TREATMENT"by E. SELEGNY and J.C. VINCENT in BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 12 (1980) 93-106.
The principle of the active transport model rests on the existence of a plurienzymatic reaction cycle of which the shortest is a bienzymatic system of the type ##STR1## The two enzymes E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 of the cycle must then be influenced differently by an effector so that when they are inserted into a membranal struct
REFERENCES:
patent: 4163714 (1979-08-01), Gregor
E. Seiegny et al., "Two Enzyme Active Transport in Vitro with pH Induced Asymmetyrical Functional Structures. I. The Model and its Analytical Treatment", p. 214, ref.: 199369a, & Biophys. Chem. 1980, 12(1), 93-106 (Eng), Chemical Abstracts, vol. 93, No. 21, 24, Nov. 1980 (Columbus, Ohio, US).
J. C. Vincent et al., "Ion Transport by Asymmetrical Functional Membrane Model", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 99, No. 17, 24 Oct. 1983 (Columbus, Ohio, US); p. 237, ref.: 135631w, & Stud. Phys. Theor. Chem. 1983, 24(Phys. Chem. Transmentor. Ion Motions), 123-8 (Eng).
J. C. Vincent et al., "Active Transport of Glucose in Vitro Illustration of Asymmetrical Functional Structures and of Allotopia", Chemical Abstracts, vol. 90, 13, Mar. 26, 1979 (Columbus, Ohio, US), pp.148, ref.: 98692h, & Collop. 1, Int. C.N.R.S. 1976 (Pub. 1977), 258; (Exchanges Ioniques Transmembr. Veg.), 147-153 (Eng).
GB, A, 2164663 (KAO Co.) Mar. 26, 1986, Voir Revendications 1,2; Figures 1, 2, 13, 15, 16.
Alexandre Stephane
Thellier Michel
Vincent Jean-Claude
Centre National de la Recerche Scientifique - Cnrs
Sever Frank
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