Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Processes – Using prefabricated subenclosure
Patent
1992-03-19
1994-03-08
Friedman, Carl D.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Processes
Using prefabricated subenclosure
52 792, 52 7912, 527313, 52281, E04B 1348
Patent
active
052917169
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for erecting buildings, in which room-forming cassettes of polygonal horizontal section, preferably rectangular ones, are made in a form between at least two vertically oriented sectional elements which are fixedly connected to the cassette and have longitudinal flanges projecting from the periphery of the cassette, and a desired number of cassettes are arranged in one or more planes on a prepared foundation at the building site, the sectional elements of adjacent cassettes being positioned close to or in the vicinity of one another, such that the flanges together define a vertical cavity.
In recent years, efforts have been made to lower the building costs by rationalising conventional building techniques. Usually, units or modules are manufactured in factories from where they are transported to the building site where they are joined to an on-site built structural skeleton of concrete or steel. In most cases, the rationalisation gains have, however, proved to be much smaller than expected, and some experts further maintain that complete on-site construction is still the least expensive method. The reason for this is not absolutely clear, but one explanation might be that the large manufacturing tolerances used in these contexts necessitate extensive and costly adjusting operations at the building site to fit together the modules and the skeleton as well as the modules between themselves.
One method currently used aims at producing turn-key units by manufacturing room-sized volume elements, thereby locating most of the building operations to the factories. This method has led to the production of light cassettes suitable for use in low buildings where the fire-protection regulations are less severe, or for placing on structural skeletons in higher buildings. Also heavy cassettes, e.g. self-supporting ones of concrete, have been produced. These cassettes require no special structural skeletons.
In both cases, however, problems are encountered. The structural skeleton of the light cassettes has often required advanced building designs and complex assemblage points. The heavy cassettes, on the other hand, have necessitated different designing because these cassettes support one another.
The inventive idea is to use the modules for making the structural skeleton, which is quite the reverse of first producing a skeleton and then joining the modules thereto. Thus, it is now possible to produce the structural skeleton at a comparatively low cost while avoiding the fitting problems mentioned before. A great advantage is that the cassettes can be made as completely standardised industrial products, thereby solving the usual designing problems when building structural skeletons and cassettes.
The implemented inventive idea is characterised in that the end portions of horizontal beams are placed in recesses provided therefor in the flanges of the sectional elements, and that a column-forming material, preferably concrete, is applied in the vertical cavity defined by said flanges, so as to engage the horizontal beams to form supporting columns which, together with the horizontal beams, constitute a supporting and stabilising structural skeleton with rigid asssemblage points.
Thus, the cassette is the nucleus in this context. Therefore, it is important that it be made with great accuracy, i.e. in a form between at least two vertically oriented sectional elements. The cassette is always made according to given system dimensions, but can be equipped to comply with customers' requirements. The sectional elements may be of any suitable material, although sheet metal is the most suitable one, since these sectional elements, besides forming part of the supporting and stabilising assembly of the cassette in production and handling, merely serve as a form in the subsequent production of supporting columns at the building site, i.e. they have no supporting function in the finished building, except that of transmitting forces between the ceiling and bottom frames of the cassettes to the
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Broberg Peter O.
Christensen Jorgen H.
Madsen Find
Friedman Carl D.
Nguyen Kien
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