Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing – Measurement includes temperature change of the material...
Patent
1981-07-24
1983-10-04
Marcus, Michael S.
Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
Measurement includes temperature change of the material...
422 86, 422 88, 73 25, G01N 3106
Patent
active
044079630
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method for determining the concentration of an absorbable component in a gaseous mixture.
2. The Prior Art
Already disclosed are a great many widely differing methods for determining the content of individual components in gaseous mixtures based on physical, physico-chemical or purely chemical properties of the component which is to be determined in relation to the other components in the gaseous mixture.
One group of methods is based on the isolation of the component in question from the gaseous mixture by absorbing it in a suitable absorption liquid, whereby according to circumstances the absorption may be purely physico-chemical in nature or may be accomplished by a chemical reaction. The subsequent measurement of the quantity absorbed may then be performed by chemical methods or by measuring appropriate concentration-related physical or physico-chemical properties of the liquid phase.
In accordance with an existing absorption method, a stream of absorbent material of known size is brought into intimate contact with a stream of known size of the gaseous mixture of which the content of a given component is to be determined. The choice of a suitable absorbent material will ensure that the absorption process will be accompanied by a change in the heat content, which will cause the heating up of the mixture of the stream of absorbent material and the stream of gas. Under certain circumstances, this rise in temperature will provide an indication of the concentration of the absorbed component in the gas flow. The method calls for the effective thermal insulation of the absorption section, just as it demands the precise metering of the size of both the stream of absorbent material and the stream of liquid, these streams being brought into thermal equilibrium before absorption takes place. The resulting increase in temperature will more often than not be very small and will require precise measuring equipment. The time constant for the measurements is highly significant in view of the thermal capacity and conductivity of the walls and of the insulating material.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The method for determining the concentration of an absorbable component in a gaseous mixture in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that a gaseous stream containing the component of which the concentration in the gas flow is to be determined, hereinafter referred to as A, is brought into contact with a stream of absorbent material in liquid form which is capable of absorbing the component in question in such a way that:
(a) the resistance to the absorption process will mainly exist in the gaseous phase;
(b) the equilibrium concentration of A above the absorbent material will be negligible in proportion to the concentration of A in the gaseous stream;
(c) the absorption process will be associated with a heat content change;
(d) the stream of absorbent material will, before it is brought into contact with the gaseous stream, be heated to a temperature close to the temperature which the stream of absorbent material will try to reach when it is brought into contact with the gas flow;
(e) the temperature of the absorbent material at the point at which it is first exposed to the gas flow, hereinafter referred to as the point of measurement, will be measured with the help of a suitable temperature sensor, and that the temperature of the gas flow will be measured at a point adjacent to the aforementioned point of measurement, although at a sufficient distance from it for the temperature and the composition of the gas flow not to be influenced by the absorption process;
(f) the contact surface between the gas flow and the absorbent material at the point of measurement will be provided with a permanent supply of fresh absorbent material;
(g) the flow of absorbent material will be chosen in such a way that the area surrounding the point of measurement will be completely moistened by the absorbent material at all times.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3716337 (1973-02-01), Jones
patent: 3961895 (1976-06-01), Frenyo
patent: 4042328 (1977-08-01), Seymour
patent: 4299593 (1981-11-01), Dopp
Whitehouse, "On a New Hygrometer," in the Quarterly Journal of The Meteorological Society, 1982, vol. I, No. 3, pp. 63-69.
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