Electricity: measuring and testing – Of geophysical surface or subsurface in situ
Patent
1997-12-03
2000-01-25
Strecker, Gerard
Electricity: measuring and testing
Of geophysical surface or subsurface in situ
324334, 324344, 324 72, 340690, G01V 312, G01V 100, G01V 1100, G01S 1388
Patent
active
06018244&
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a method for detecting diastrophism and an apparatus therefor, and more particularly to a method for judging occurrence of large-scale diastrophism such as, for example, an earthquake by detecting a change of the ionosphere in the upper atmosphere caused by an electrostatic induction action of a charge cluster generated on the ground surface near the diastrophism or by an electromagnetic wave or the like discharged from a crust.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventionally, it is known that during large-scale diastrophism such as an earthquake, a volcanic eruption or the like, compressive force between stratum and/or a pressure of magma are gradually increased, so that a piezoelectric effect occurs due to a highly increased pressure in a crust immediately before occurrence of the earthquake or volcanic eruption, or a strong electromagnetic wave, heavy earth current, strong electrostatic action or the like occurs due to a chemical phenomenon, an electrokinetic phenomenon or the like.
Under such a circumstance, various means such as measurement of distortion/deformation of a crust, detection of a variation in electromagnetic wave/earth current generated from a crust as a symptom of an earthquake and the like are attempted in order to predict occurrence of an earthquake.
With regard to an electromagnetic wave emitted from a crust, it is known that an electromagnetic wave and an earth current are discharged from a region near a seismic center or hypocenter due to a compressive pressure and/or a frictional pressure abnormally increased near a place of a dislocation and due to exo-electrons generated by breakage of a base rock.
As a method for detecting a variation in electromagnetic wave or magnetic force line to predict an earthquake, it is proposed that a cloud chamber having transpired gas such as ether or the like encapsulated therein is arranged in an artificial satellite to visually observe or photograph a portion of the gas linearly whitened due to passage of an electromagnetic wave (corpuscular ray) or a magnetic force line discharged from an interior of the ground therethrough (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 133174/1979, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 103388/1979 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 13802/1980).
Also, it is proposed that a plurality of electrodes are embedded in the ground to electrically detect a specific variation in earth current immediately before an earthquake, to thereby predict occurrence of the earthquake (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 37580/1983).
The former method proposed is carried out by visual observation or photograph observation, to thereby cause many mistakes and errors in judgment of a direction of a hypocenter, a scale of an earthquake and the like and lack objectivity. Also, it has another disadvantage of failing in discrimination between prediction of actual occurrence of an earthquake and malfunction of the device due to affection of various noise electromagnetic waves depending on an environment in which the device is arranged. In particular, it fails to exhibit satisfactory utility in modern cities or towns in which large-sized engines for airplanes, vehicles and the like are driven and electric machines and electronic equipments are crowded, environs thereof, industrial areas and the like.
Also, the above-described method of mounting the electromagnetic sensor in the artificial satellite substantially fails to specify a position of occurrence of diastrophism, a scale thereof and time thereof because the satellite is excessively remote from diastrophism, even when the sensor has a capability of capturing an electromagnetic wave. Also, it causes an excessive increase in cost for launching of the satellite and cost for control, communication and maintenance, to thereby lack utility from an economical point of view.
Further, the latter method proposed is adapted to carry out electrical detection and electronic information pro
REFERENCES:
patent: 4554546 (1985-11-01), Herbreteau et al.
patent: 4724390 (1988-02-01), Rauscher et al.
patent: 5148110 (1992-09-01), Helms
patent: 5811974 (1998-09-01), Hata
Unusual Change In Meteor Observation Data Before Earthquake, Diastrophism Affects Ionosphere, Yamanashi Nichi-Nichi Shinbun (Yamanashi Nichi-Nichi Newspapers), Feb. 25, 1995.
FM Propagation Abnormality Before And After Earthquake Disaster, Yomiuri Shinbun (Yomiuri Newspapers), Feb. 26, 1995.
Gokhberg et al; "Study of Seismic Influence . . . of the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide", Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, vol. 51, No. 1/2 (1989) pp. 64-67.
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