Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving antigen-antibody binding – specific binding protein...
Patent
1996-05-30
1999-01-12
Chin, Christopher L.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein...
435 71, 435 72, 435 78, 435 792, 435 794, 435975, 436513, 436808, 436811, 424 851, 424 852, 424 854, 424 855, 424 857, 424805, 424809, 424810, G01N 3353
Patent
active
058586903
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises a simple way of identifying the tendency towards allergy or allergy already broken out, by measuring receptor expression of the phagocytic cells of peripheral blood. A combination of variables is also presented which best describe the probability of allergy. Thus the invention relates to a method for detecting allergy and a test kit for accomplishing the method, as well as to a method for determining the probability of allergy by using a logistic regression model.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Allergic diseases are nowadays a very large problem of public health, and morbidity to allergy seems to be increasing. Food allergies are usually the first manifestation of allergy, and they are commonest in children under 3 years. After recedence of food allergy another allergic disease can later be developed in the patient.
The defence mechanisms of foreign substances are specific as e.g. antibody response, or non-specific as e.g. the defence reactions mediated through phagocytic inflammatory cells or complement and other proteins. The mechanisms have mutual regulation. Usually the primary phase comprises phagocytosis and the secondary phase the specific immune response. This is why measuring the parameters related to phagocytosis gives firsthand information of a possible sensitization which leads into allergy.
The as early as possible detection of the tendency towards allergy enables effective treatment of food allergy and preventive measures against other allergies.
In the diagnostics of allergy skin prick tests and determination of allergen specific IgE antibodies are generally used. However, these methods are useful only if the allergy is IgE-mediated, i.e. immediate or type I reaction. On the other hand the tests measuring the type I reaction are known to be unreliable in children under two years by whom allergy and especially food allergy is common and the IgE response develops slowly. Recent placebo-controlled predisposition tests carried out using double-blind techniques show that patients with food allergy can be divided into groups on the basis of the way of the reaction (skin, intestines, respiratory tract) and the time of the reaction (immediate and delayed reactions and intermediary forms thereof).
Especially in the diagnosis of food allergy with intestinal symptoms, and delayed food allergy (type III or type IV) the usefulness of the above mentioned methods is restricted, and distinguishing between allergic and other intestinal symptoms is especially difficult. The allergic inflammatory reaction caused by nutritives always causes changes in the intestinal mucous membrane, although the disease would show itself in e.g. skin. The early detection of the inflammatory changes has also importance for the prognosis of the patient.
Tendency towards allergy or allergy already broken out can be detected and monitored by measuring the expression of the receptors related to the phagocytosis of monocytes and neutrophils. The phagocytic cells have their own part in the origin of symptoms accompanied with allergy and especially food allergy. Phagocytic cells are able to release into the ambient tissue lytic enzymes and reactive forms of oxygen which are essential parts of the defence mechanism of the cell. Phagocytic cells receive their secreting signals through the receptors accompanied with phagocytosis. These receptors include Fc.gamma.I, Fc.gamma.II and Fc.gamma.III receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Complement receptor type 1 (CR1) and Complement receptor type 3 (CR3) receptors for derivates of C3, a component of the complement cascade. The expression level of these receptors effects the ability of phagocytes to secrete the compounds meant for the defence of the organism.
In in vitro tests it has been shown that immunologically activating compounds enable the two- or even threefold increase of the expression of complement receptors (Leino and Lilius, 1992, J. Leukocyte Biol., 51:157-163). In the same connection FcyRIII, which deviates from the other
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Isolauri Erika
Lilius Esa-Matti
Salminen Seppo
Chin Christopher L.
Nguyen Bao-Thuy L.
Oy Aboatech AB
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