Optical waveguides – With optical coupler – Input/output coupler
Patent
1995-08-01
1998-02-17
Lee, John D.
Optical waveguides
With optical coupler
Input/output coupler
385 90, G02B 634, G02B 642
Patent
active
057199744
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to the packaging of optical devices, and in particular to the packaging of optical devices which are photosensitive.
2. Related Art
Photosensitive optical devices have been known for a large number of years, and in the case of photosensitive optical fibres, for over twenty years. For example, in 1978 Hill et al reported the optical writing of a Bragg reflection grating into an optical fibre core. Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C & Kawasaki B S, "Photosensitivity in optical fibre waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication", Appl Phys Lett, 32 (10), 647-649, 15 May 1978.
There are many applications of photosensitive optical devices, particularly in the fields of telecommunications and sensing, as demonstrated by the following publications: "Efficient mode conversion in telecommunication fibre using externally written gratings", Electron Lett 26 (16), 1270, 1990. 1169, Fiber and Optic and Laser Sensors VII 1989, pp 98-107. grating in two-mode optical fibre", Electron Lett 25 (12), 797, 1989. intra-core Bragg reflectors", Electron Lett 26 (21), 1829, 1990. semiconductor laser using fibre grating", Electron Lett 27 (13), 1115, 1991. method", G Meltz, W W Morey, and W H Glenn. "Optics Letters, Vol. 14, No. 15, 1st Aug. 1989, pages 823-825.
Davey R P, Smith K, Kashyap R, Armitage J R, "Mode-locked Er fibre laser with wavelength selection by means of a Bragg grating reflector", Electron Lett 27 22), 2087, 1991.
Many of these devices require some form of packaging before they can be used outside of a laboratory, for example for a telecommunications or sensing application. The purpose of the packaging may be to facilitate the input or output of electrical or optical signals to or from the device, and/or may be to provide protection to the device from the operating environment, e.g. from moisture, dust, temperature fluctuations etc.
Hitherto, photosensitive optical devices have been packaged in the same conventional manner as non-photosensitive optical devices. The present invention is based on the realisation that significant advantages can be gained by packaging photosensitive devices in a manner so as to allow optical radiation to reach the photosensitive part of the device after packaging.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of assembling a package comprising a container having a window substantially transparent to optical frequency electro-magnetic radiation, and a photosensitive optical device, the method comprising the steps of the window in the container and impinge upon a photosensitive part of the optical device, and in the refractive index of the photosensitive part of the optical device.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a package comprising a container having a window substantially transparent to optical frequency electromagnetic radiation and a photosensitive optical device mounted within said container, so that optical frequency electromagnetic radiation passing through the window in the container may impinge upon a photosensitive part of said optical device, wherein the photosensitive part of the optical device is susceptible to a semi-permanent change in refractive index upon illumination by optical frequency electro-magnetic radiation.
A semi-permanent change in refractive index is one which is not merely transient, but one which is effective for a substantial portion of the lifetime of the optical device. The semi-permanent change in the refractive index of the photosensitive part of the optical device may, however, be reversed and a further, perhaps different, semi-permanent change in the refractive index may be induced.
The ability to define the photosensitive aspects of the optical device's functions after the device has been mounted in a container allows the performance of a package comprising both the container and an optical device to be optimised.
Thus detrimental effects on the performance of t
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British Telecommunications public limited company
Lee John D.
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