Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Having -c- – wherein x is chalcogen – bonded directly to...
Patent
1998-04-02
2000-04-18
Robinson, Allen J.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...
514333, 514407, A01N 4340, A01N 4356
Patent
active
060515953
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Many insecticides have been described in international patent applications WO 87/3781, 93/6089, 94/21606, and European patent application EP 295,117. However, this prior art does not teach how to protect mushroom cultivations against the flies which are able to infest them. Actually, there is a real and specific need to control flies infesting mushrooms, especially those of the Diptera order and of the families Sciaridae, Phoridae and Cecidae, and possibly other, while making no damage to mushrooms or as little as possible. Various insecticides have been used and have some efficacy, but none are satisfactory and none meets all the growers desires.
Insects from the families Sciaridae, Phoridae and Cecidae are often particularly troublesome in the cultivation of mushrooms. At the present time, it is necessary to apply different insecticides to the cultivation area of mushrooms to control pests from each of these three families. Before the invention, no single insecticide able to control these three families was available in the mushroom Industry. Moreover, compounds used in this invention have also been found to be active against insects resistant to pyrethroid, cyclodiene and organophosphate insecticides and especially effective against the insecticide resistant Sciaridae and Phoridae which are currently difficult to control. Among the Sciaridae family, the species Lycoriella Mali is especially a source of trouble. Among the Phoridae family, the species Megasella Halterata is especially a source of trouble. Among the Cecidae family, the species Heteropeza pygmae and Mycophila barnesi are especially a source of trouble. These insect pests make the mushrooms unfit for sale and/or reduce the yield of production and/or are vectors for transmission of other diseases, so that, anyway, they are much damageable.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method of control of flies infesting mushrooms which have not the inconveniences of the known insecticides which are used by growers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of control of flies infesting mushrooms which is as little toxic as possible for mushrooms.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of control of flies infesting mushrooms which does not require many or multiple applications of active ingredients, as the known insecticides.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of control of flies infesting or expected to infest mushrooms, said method using a single application of insecticidally active material up to the time of the harvest.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective method of control of flies infesting mushrooms at the various development stages of these insects, including the larvae.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective method of control of flies infesting mushrooms which does not require a direct application of the active ingredient to the mushrooms. This is a substantial advantage as far as it substantially reduces the risk of toxicity or of the presence of toxic residues in the mushrooms used as food.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an effective method of control of Diptera flies infesting or expected to infest mushrooms, said method being compatible with commercial mushroom production or systematic mushroom cultivation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of control of flies infesting mushrooms or expected to infest mushrooms, those mushrooms being cultivated mushrooms and/or mushrooms which are used as human food, especially: mushrooms, which are also known are pleurotus spp. the Shiitake mushrooms, also known as Lentinus edodes, the paddy straw mushroom also known as Valvariella volvacea.
It has now been found that these objectives can be met partially or totally according to the instant invention and by means of the methods of control as described in the instant specification.
This invention is directed to a method of control of flies infesting mushrooms or
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Colliot et al, Brighton Crop Protection Conference--Pests and Diseases--1992, 2-1, pp. 29-34 (Conference dates Nov. 23-25, 1992).
Proc.-Beltwide Cotton Conference 1996, vol. 2, 1996, pp. 759-765 (Hamon et al).
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Clift Alan Donald
Terras Maryann
Rhone-Poulenc Agro
Robinson Allen J.
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