Heating systems – Automatic control – Heat source is a reverse cycle refrigerating system or heat...
Patent
1982-08-17
1985-04-09
Wayner, William E.
Heating systems
Automatic control
Heat source is a reverse cycle refrigerating system or heat...
622386, 62260, G05D 2300
Patent
active
045096805
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for combined utilization of heat-conveying media, such as ground water, surface water or the like, as a heat source.
When using a heat pump for satisfying a certain heat requirement, the temperature of the heat source is of decisive importance to operating economy. In regard to the majority of natural heat sources such as ground, water and air, the temperature displays seasonal variations in step with solar radiation. The heat requirement for heating, etc. is normally in opposition to these natural heat assets. Through seasonal storage of heat-conveying media at "summer temperature" it is therefore possible to ensure favourable and stable operating conditions throughout the whole year.
For the large-scale use of natural heat sources the utilization of water is of particular interest since as a heat-conveying medium it can be supplied directly to the heat pump. Temperature variations in the surface water from lakes and watercourses follow variations in the air temperature with an insignificant delay, as will be evident from the following graphs in FIG. 1. As a result of these variations the temperature throughout the summer (approx. 4 months) is above +14.degree. C. and climbs up to +20.degree. C. while the temperature during the greater part of the winter (about 4-5 months) is below +3.degree. C. Corresponding temperature variations are obtained in respect of sea water in shallow areas. In relation to the temperature of watercourses there is nevertheless a certain delay in the variations and neither are the maximum and minimum temperatures equally pronounced.
This inertia in adaptation to the ambient temperature is due to the large heat capacity of the water masses. In areas of deeper water or where stratification exists as a result of differences in salt content, the temperature variations in sea water may differ substantially from what is shown in the following graphs. As a result of the practically complete equalization of seasonal temperature variations which normally takes place in connection with passage through the upper ground cover, the ground water maintains a constant temperature of about +8.degree. C. This corresponds to the mean annual ground surface temperature (cf. graphs). The ground water consequently comprises a stable heat source for heat pumps. Apart from the natural heat sources described above it is also possible to utilize waste water as a heat source. Sewage also displays seasonal temperature variations between +8.degree. C. and +18.degree. C., see graphs below. Considerable differences may nevertheless occur as a result of the addition of industrial effluent or melt water and ground water or drainage water seepage, etc.
The temperature shown in FIG. 1 represent conditions in south Sweden. In regard to conditions further north or south, somewhat different temperatures apply throughout.
The method according to the invention is characterized by what is evident from the patent claims enclosed.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with reference to the enclosed drawing which relates to a circuit diagram of a heat supply system in which FIG. 2 shows the operating conditions in summertime and FIG. 3 shows the operating conditions in wintertime and the attendant "pulsating magazine" heat storage diagrams.
During the summer half-year the temperature of the surface water is appreciably higher than the ground water temperature. During this period it is therefore more advantageous to utilize the surface water as a heat source for heat pumps. During the remainder of the year it is also possible to utilize the large heat content of the surface water in the summer by storing the heat in ground water reservoirs. This can be done by delivering warm water in the summer to charge the reservoir. Simultaneously, a corresponding volume of cooled water, which can be diverted to a watercourse or lake 1, is removed. The warm water can then be stored with no noticeable heat losses in the ground water reservoir 2. During the winter half-year the heat
REFERENCES:
patent: 3498072 (1968-08-01), Stiefel
patent: 3807190 (1974-04-01), Grant
patent: 4375831 (1983-03-01), Downing, Jr.
Sollecito J.
Wayner William E.
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