Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Designated organic active ingredient containing – Peptide containing doai
Patent
1996-02-16
1998-01-20
Weddington, Kevin E.
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Designated organic active ingredient containing
Peptide containing doai
514 12, A61K 3800
Patent
active
057101248
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to the use of Gallidermin and Epidermin or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof in the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis. In particular, the invention relates to the use of Gallidermin and Epidermin or of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis (anti-mastitis drug). Teat dipping drugs are included.
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammalian mammary gland. In veterinary medicine the most important and the most frequently encountered mastitis is that of dairy cows.
Dairy cattle are highly specialised for milk production. They produce much more milk than is needed to nourish a calf. This super production, and the convention of milking dairy cows 2 or at most 3 times during 24 hours, renders their mammary glands susceptible to bacterial infections. In addition, they are milked by a mechanical apparatus that passes from cow to cow and so infection is transmitted from one animal to another.
The mammary gland has a number of natural defense mechanisms against bacterial pathogens (Cullor et al., 1990). These can be overcome by high levels of bacterial challenge and also by compromise of these defense mechanisms. This compromise can be brought about by poor management or through physiological changes at certain times in the lactation cycle (Cullor et al., 1990).The period around drying off and calving are associated with a relatively high incidence of mastitis.
Mastitis can be caused by many different species of bacteria. Those most commonly implicated in bovine mastitis fall into 2 categories I and II: Category I embraces host pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. These live on the skin of the udder or in the udder and individual cows are the source of infection to others in the herd. Category II embraces environmental pathogens such as Streptococcus uberis and Escherichia coli. As their name suggests these category II bacteria are found in the immediate environment of the dairy cow and so present a constant risk (Cullor et al., 1990).
Mastitis caused by the bacteria characterized above can manifest as either clinical or subclinical disease (Cullor et al., 1990). Clinical disease can vary from mildly affected quarters with changes in the milk through severely infected quarters with eventual loss of that quarter, to a systemically ill cow that may die. Milder presentations are more usual.
Subclinical mastitis as its name suggests is not obviously present. It is, however, very prevalent in many dairy herds. Subclinically affected quarters have bacteria present and the cell content of milk is greater than normal. This syndrome is accompanied by lower production. Indeed, it has been estimated that up to 70% of the economic losses sustained by farmers because of mastitis can be attributed to lost production from subclinical disease (Philpot, W. N., 1984).
Currently mastitis is controlled through the exercise of scrupulous hygiene at milking, by detection of chronic subclinically infected cows and either milking them after the non infected cows or even by eliminating them from the herd. Clinical cases are generally treated with antibiotics as they occur such as, for example, those given in Table 4. This means that milk must be withheld from sale for about 4 to 8 milkings and consequently causes economic loss to the farmer. Antimicrobial therapy of subclinical mastitis must be done in the dry period. Consequently, during the period between establishment of infection and drying off the infected cow is a threat to her neighbors.
Peptide antimicrobial agents offer a potential solution to many of these problems. The fact that they are peptides means they will be digested by the consumer and this gives them a non toxic profile with regard to warm-blooded animals. A large number of antimicrobial peptides exhibiting a broad activity spectrum is described in the literature but this does not mean that they really can be us
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Peel John Edmondson
Suri Bruno
McC. Roberts Edward
Novartis Corporation
Weddington Kevin E.
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