Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and – Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or... – The polynucleotide alters fat – fatty oil – ester-type wax – or...
Patent
1995-11-30
1998-10-06
Fox, David T.
Multicellular living organisms and unmodified parts thereof and
Method of introducing a polynucleotide molecule into or...
The polynucleotide alters fat, fatty oil, ester-type wax, or...
800220, 800255, 800DIG44, 435100, 4351722, 435421, 435423, 47 58, 47DIG1, A01H 500, A01H 104, A01H 508, C12N 514, C12P 1912
Patent
active
058179135
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method of breeding tomatoes having superior taste characteristics and to tomatoes having superior taste characteristics and to products of the method.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Taste characteristics are a major determinant of fruit quality for both processing and fresh market tomatoes (Stevens, M. A., 1986, Inheritance of Tomato Fruit Quality Components, Plant Breeding Reviews, 4, 274-310). One of the major components of taste in tomatoes is soluble sugar content.
The soluble sugar content of all known commercial cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) primarily includes the hexose sugars glucose and fructose in ratios of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5 (Davies, J. N. and Hobson, G. E., 1981, The Constituents of Tomato Fruit--The Influence of the Environment, Nutrition and Genotype, CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 15: 205-280; Davies, J. N. and Kempton, R. J., 1975, Chances in the Individual Sugars of Tomato Fruit During Ripening, J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 26: 1103-1110).
In commercial L esculentum cultivars the disaccharide sucrose is also present, but at concentrations rarely exceeding 0.5% on a fresh weight basis. Certain wild species of Lycopersicon such as L. hirsutum and L. chmielewskii, accumulate high concentrations of sucrose, which may reach 4% on a fresh weight basis (Miron, D. and Schaffer A. A., 1991, Sucrose Phosphate Synthase, Sucrose Synthase and Invertase Activities in Developing Fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum and the Sucrose Accumulating Lycopersicon hirsutum, Plant Physiol. 95: 623-627 and Yelle S. et al., 1988, Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit. III. Analysis of Carbohydrate Assimilation in Wild Species, Plant Physiol. 87:737-740). Some of these species, in addition, have a fructose to glucose ratio of more than 1.5; however, fructose and glucose levels in the fruit of these species is very low, below 1.3% each on a fresh weight basis (Davies, J. N. and Kempton, R. J., 1975, Changes in the Individual Sugars of Tomato Fruit During Ripening, J. Sci. Fd. Agric., 26: 1103-1110; Davies, J. N., 1966, Occurrence of Sucrose in the Fruit of Some Species of Lycopersicon, Nature, 209, 640-641, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference).
Typically, plant breeders seek to increase the sweetness component of tomato flavor by increasing total soluble solids (TSS). TSS is typically estimated by a refractometic determination of a sample of juice and is expressed in .degree.BRIX. The measurement of .degree.BRIX, however, does not differentiate between the component sugars. Selections have recently been made for sucrose accumulating tomatoes (Yelle, S., 1991, Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit IV Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of Sucrose Accumulation, Plant Physiol. 95, 1026-1035). Fructose, however, is twice as sweet per unit weight as glucose and 50% sweeter than sucrose (Biester, A. M. et al., 1925, Carbohydrate Studies. I. The Relative Sweetness of Pure Sugars, Amer. J. Physiol. 73: 387-400) giving a tomato with a high relative fructose content distinct advantages in terms of superior taste characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seeks to provide an improved method for breeding tomato plants having superior taste characteristics and products of the method.
There is thus provided in accordance with the present invention a method for breeding tomato plants that produce tomatoes having superior taste characteristics including the steps of, crossing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon spp. to produce hybrid seeds, collecting the hybrid (F.sub.1) seeds, growing plants from the F.sub.1 seeds, pollinating the F.sub.1 plants, collecting the hybrid seeds produced by the F.sub.1 plants, growing plants from the seeds produced by the F.sub.1 plants, measuring sucrose, glucose and fructose content of ripe fruit produced from the plants grown from the seeds of the F.sub.1 plants; and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio g
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Fox David T.
Peri Devlopment Applications, Ltd.
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