Metal fusion bonding – Process – With condition responsive – program – or timing control
Patent
1997-08-29
2000-02-29
Ryan, Patrick
Metal fusion bonding
Process
With condition responsive, program, or timing control
228105, 228 9, 228 7, B23K 3102, B23K 3702
Patent
active
060298804
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns the preparation and the assembly of metal armature elements for reinforcing construction elements or products to be made from so-called "reinforced concrete".
The structure of a construction to be built is conventionally designed by a design office which determines the characteristics (constitution and geometry) of the framework (and therefore of the armatures) to be integrated into each element (panel, slab, pre-slab, etc) of the construction, in particular in consequence of strength of materials calculations. These characteristics are embodied in a design drawing.
The basic elements of an armature are reinforcing rods of various diameters and the design of the armature of planar elements to be made from reinforced concrete can specify the use of a great variety of such reinforcing rods to achieve appropriate reinforcement of each area of each planar element (for example, the reinforcement must obviously be greater over a door in a vertical panel than in a solid area with no openings). The reinforcement in each area must be sufficient to guarantee good mechanical strength but with a sufficiently moderate safety factor so as not to lead to an unnecessarily excessive armature. Furthermore, this requirement for reinforcement in principle differs in various directions of any planar element (for example in the horizontal and vertical directions of a vertical panel).
Optimal reinforcement of a given planar element consequently justifies choosing reinforcing rod types, diameters, numbers and spacings that can vary significantly from one area to another.
The usual preparation and assembly procedures do not lend themselves to great complexity in the armature of any particular element.
A first option is for the armature elements to be laid out and assembled on site, in the shuttering to receive the concrete or in its immediate vicinity, using a reduced scale drawing supplied to the foreman of the armature team. The position of the armatures is marked out with reference to the dimensions on the drawings using meter rules or ten-meter rules, and then drawn out manually using industrial chalk. When the armature element is complex, a full-scale drawing is sometimes made on a concreted area, representing the characteristic points of the shuttering. This process is long and difficult (in particular as it implies various checks), in particular given the environment on the site and the fact that the laying out of the armatures (or "ironwork") is a job that is generally not highly valued and is confided to lowly qualified (poorly motivated) personnel, often in the context of subcontracting. These circumstances explain why design offices sometimes simplify their drawings, even if it entails renouncing optimization of the armature vis a vis requirements, to facilitate conformance at the time of execution.
Another, more recent, option is for the armatures to be made up from prefabricated armature sections which, after cutting, are laid on the part of the construction to be concreted and then completed by armature elements which either could not be part of the prefabricated sections or are used to assemble the various sections together. Of course, prefabrication in this way requires major installations located at a distance from the site, which makes this option feasible only if the prefabricated sections are made in panels conforming to the road transport load gauge (so that they can be transported and then cut on site) or precut in the workshop and then transported (provided of course that the precut sections themselves conform to the road transport load gauge). However, this option has the disadvantages that the possible number of meshes for the prefabricated sections is small and there is little choice as to the diameters of the rods used. Finally, it is somewhat difficult in management terms (procurement, assembly, etc).
Solutions have been proposed that attempt to combine flexibility in the design of the drawings and facility and reliability in the production of the armatures. In principle they are
REFERENCES:
Dr.-Ing. Joachim Wernicke, "Automated Concrete Factory: The Forming Robot Closes the Circle," Betonwerk & Fertigteil-Technik (Jun. 1988) XP 000568790, pp. 51-54.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 95, No. 001, & JP, A, 07-009129 (Jan. 1995).
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 12, No. 138 (p-695)(Apr. 1988), & JP, A, 62-259107 (Nov. 1987).
Knapp Jeffrey T.
Primot Gilles
Ryan Patrick
LandOfFree
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