Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-04
2004-12-14
Cintins, Ivars C. (Department: 1724)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
Cellular products or processes of preparing a cellular...
C210S639000, C521S148000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06831111
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
The release of organic solvents and oil into the environment and in water basins leads to disasters. The consequences of these accidents are the destruction of the environment and the disruption of the chains of life.
A most critical such environmental problem is created by the release of oil during the sea transportation because of sea accidents. Another critical problem directly connected with life is the pollution in sea ports and in enclosed seas around main cities.
Such pollution loads are also formed in navigable rivers and in lakes by ejection of petroleum and oil, and also during pumping of petroleum rivers, the lakes and in sea from existing production wells, creating heavy pollution problems.
The treating of those environmental problems is, up to date, unsuccessful, insufficient or incorrect. Detergents are used with which the suspended petroleum and oils are emulsified to become bottom sludge deposits. The sea basins thus accumulate huge pollution loads. The Mediterranean sea has intense petroleum transportation transportation traffic, and the pollution loading has become 0.3-0.8 g/liter and the bottom sludge formed exceeds the 2.000 tons/km
3
which makes a World maximum.
We have dealt in long lasting R & D work with this problem and have developed a solution by which these water and sea pollution accidents are successfully remediated because our solution works with absorption of the petroleum and of oils from sea and water surfaces and thus leads to their useful recycling.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
We have discovered, constructed and proved in practice polymers multiprocessed to become macroreticular, and we have proved that these operate with effective absorption of petroleum , oil and organic solvents in a quantity 30 to 60 times their weight intermolecularly. With external sorption adherence, more quantities are absorbed so that high quantities of released petroleum and oils into the water basins are finally collected. The operation of the treatment is organized with loading these absorption products into a net which is suspended in the water surface and operates like a broom quantitatively absorbing and sweeping all the oily pollution loads which are transported in tanks, where they are washed with petroleum and are collected as useful fuel.
The absorbing products utilize polymeric products derived from new or recycled Polystyrene and copolymers in a wide range of compositions to cover a wide variety of uses. These polymers are processed to become macroreticular, a structure designed to absorb organic solvents and oil molecularly in pure form or in mixtures according to existing conditions.
The polymers bases in use are the following:
Polystyrene which after special processing becomes macroreticular with Mc 50,000.
The trimeric copolymer SEBS (Styrene, Ethylene, Butadiene,Styrene) which is specially crosslinked to become macroreticular.
Fully hydrogenated elastomeric SBR having a styrene composition 10%, 20% and 40% which after special cross-linking and processing gave macroreticular products varying in absorbtion capacity.
The cross-linking is advanced in solutions containing by weight of 20-25% polymers in chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as dichloroethane with cross-linking agent 1,4-dichloromethyl-2,5-dimethylbenzene-(DCMDMB) and, for catalytic action, tectrachlorotitane (TiCl4) is used in 10% solution in dichloroethane.
The appearance of thickness that is the cross-linking result, relates to the added catalyst. However, small quantities of catalyst added deprise is effective in high solution volumes.
In the following Tables are given the results of the weight ratio of cross-linking agent to the SEBS polymer in reaction at 60° C. To determine the absorption capacity, the porosity is studied, which was found to be low up to 4% of cross-linking agent and then increases.
TABLE 1
DCMDMB, % SEBS, resulted porosity
(cm
3
/g)
1
0.294
2
0.204
4
0.279
16
0.319
32
0.477
The absorption capacity of organic solvents selected from market products, derived from petroleum, was then studied
TABLE 2
C initial PPM
C finalPPM
Absorption of Toluene in water-PS
413.9
0.68
102.1
0.59
363.3
0.78
Absorption of Toluene Water-SEBS
410.4
0.4
319.6
0.39
119.9
0.37
Absorption of 1,2-Dichlorethane-
Water, SEBS
692.2
0.4
202.7
0.56
Absorption of Decane-water, SEBS
456.2
0.35
623.4
0.37
Absorption of Petrol-water, SEBS
653.4
0.36
638.2
0.34
TABLE 3
Absorption capacity of the different absorption products
per gram.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
PS
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12
17
28
25
18
18
SEBS
4.5
7.5
9.0
5.0
8
9.0
6.0
17
18
18
12
22
22
SBR (10)
50.0
45.0
40.0
30.0
32.0
29.0
33.0
36
37
—
—
16
15
SBR (20)
48.0
40.0
38.0
25.0
27.0
26.0
31.0
31.0
32
—
—
12
13
1 n-pentane,
2 n-hexane,
3 n-octane,
4 isooctane,
5 n-nonane,
6 n-decane
7 n-dodecane
8 benzene,
9 toluene,
10 chloroform,
11 carbon tetrachloride,
12 1,2 dichloroethane,
13 1,1,3 trichloroethane.
The above results are successful and very useful. We also have studied the absorption capacity on oil surface pollution in harbors and the absorption capacity in sea. For these trials, the absorption polymers were placed in a polypropylene net in composition 20% PS, 30% SEBS, 30% SBR (10) and 20%, SBR (20) and the results obtained were very impressive. It proved that the sweeping was not due to endomolecular absorption but also due to external absorption adherence so that the collection of oily matter was very satisfactory. The load of oily matter is collected in a tank and is washed with petroleum by which all those oils are collected as useful fuels. That is this seeping action makes the pollution loads useful and the harbours and the sea as well as the sea bottom are liberated from oily and dirty matter, and the ecology is overall improved.
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Konstantakopoulos Ioannis
Valkanas George N.
Birch & Stewart Kolasch & Birch, LLP
Cintins Ivars C.
Innoval Management Limited
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