Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Combined
Patent
1981-09-21
1984-07-24
Bell, J. Karl
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Combined
52262, E04H 1400
Patent
active
044611293
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for reducing the heat consumption in a building or the like.
The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method.
The rising prices of energy and the resulting intensified energy saving have led to attempts being made to make dwelling houses as niggardly of energy as possible. This is preferably done by reducing the transmission losses through the walls and the roof of the house, which is brought about by improved insulation, the installation of double-glazing etc., that is to say by improving the K value of the building construction, but it is also done by reducing ventilation losses and leakages of air, which is brought about by heat recovery in the ventilation system or by sealing slight openings at windows and doors and other undesirable air passages.
It is well known that in order to retain a certain internal temperature more powerful heating is required when it is windy than when it is still even if the temperature outside is the same, and according to the current notion this is associated with the fact that the "draught" in the house increases with increasing wind. As a consequence thereof wind screens are used at the houses, facing the prevailing direction of the wind, curtains of vegetation and hedges having long been used for this purpose. In recent times, artificial wind screens in the form of wind nets have also come into use, particularly at greenhouses and often in combination with curtains of vegetation. The wind screens are placed in the terrain round the house at a suitable distance from this, so that the house is in the sheltered zone behind the wind screen.
The invention is based on recognition of the fact that the wind not only gives rise to a "draught" in the house and so increases ventilation losses and leakages of air, but also to a high degree influences the transmission losses through the walls and roof of the house; thus the technical design of the building alone is not decisive for the magnitude of the transmission losses. A flow of heat from the various surfaces of the house to the surrounding air takes place through convection as soon as the surfaces acquire a higher temperature than the air outside. The transfer of heat through walls and roof is the greater, the greater the difference in temperature, and a convection stream develops at the outside of the walls and roof, the velocity of which increases as the difference in temperature increases. According to what the inventor has found, the air close to the surfaces of the house moves more quickly, with increasing wind, than the natural convection occuring as stated above, and thus the transmission losses also increase noticeably since the outer layer of heated air which, in calm weather, is immediately next to the external surface of the house and provides an increased resistance to heat transfer, is swept away more or less quickly by the stream of air passing along the surface with the result that the transmission losses increase.
It is generally known that stationary air constitutes an excellent heat insulating material, and it is therefore important that as thick a layer of air as possible can be disposed round heated or cooled buildings to reduce the transmission losses. On the other hand, it is not necessary for this stationary or relatively stationary layer of air to be built into the envelope of the building. The layer of air produces a better effect externally of the envelope, since the valuable irradiation of solar energy is not prevented when stationary air is not enclosed in another material, for example glass wool, plastics, etc., as when the envelope of a building is insulated in traditional manner, the irradiation being excluded to the extent that the insulation is increased. This is particularly obvious in connection with greenhouses.
In order to reduce considerably and in the optimum case substantially to eliminate the said thermal effect of the wind, the method according to the invention for reducing the heat consumption in a building or the like, partic
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