Ventilation – Having outlet airway – With air pump
Patent
1995-11-03
1997-12-30
Joyce, Harold
Ventilation
Having outlet airway
With air pump
169 37, 169 91, F24F 614
Patent
active
057022992
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method and an installation for fighting fire, in particular for rather large units, such as hotels, passenger ships and various public spaces, e.g. restaurants.
A problem with known sprinkler installations, especially automatically releasable ones, is that they usually are arranged to be released at a certain increased temperature and therefore react too late; smoke generation may have been going on for up to half an hour, with devastating effects. The great majority of victims in various fires are poisoned by smoke.
The object of the invention is to provide a new method and a new installation for fighting fire, which effectively prevent smoke from spreading.
The method according to the invention is mainly characterized by producing, utilizing at least one sprinkler or spray head spraying high pressure liquid in the form of small droplets, like a fog, into an out-going ventilation or air condition duct of said unit, a suction from a monitored space into said out-going ventilation or air condition duct, in order to remove smoke gases from the monitored space.
Existing ventilation and air condition duct do not in general endure heat. An essential advantage of the invention is therefore that the suction for drawing the smoke out is produced by means of fog-like liquid spraying having a good cooling effect.
By a high drive pressure is here meant a range from about 20 bar up to about 300 bar, as compared to some 6-10 bar in conventional sprinkler installations. The droplet size is preferably about 50-150 microns. The sprinklers or spray heads preferably have a plurality of nozzles directed obliquely outwards and mutually adapted in such a way that they together produce a suction concentrated fog-like liquid spray with a good penetration power.
Said at least one sprinkler or spray head is preferably activated, automatically or manually, on the basis of smoke alarm or detection, whereat smoke generated already at an early stage of a fire will be removed and thus decisively prevented from spreading.
In passenger ships and hotels which usually are divided into fire sections with electrically operated section valves, the smoke gases tend to spread especially along corridors. When a smoke alarm signal is received from a fire section, the rest of the section valves are closed, whereafter a signal is given, e.g. after 30 seconds, to a pump unit of the installation or to a drive unit comprising a set of hydraulic accumulators, in order to rise the pressure, e.g. to 100 bar, whereat suction removal of smoke is initiated in the corridors and similar spaces of the fire section in question.
Those sprinklers in corridors, rooms or cabins, or in public spaces like restaurants, which are intended for actual fire extinguishing, are preferably arranged at or in the smoke suction removal openings, whereby the sprinkler release ampoules or other types of temperature sensitive release means are relatively quickly heated to release temperature by the smoke flowing past. In public spaces the smoke suction is preferably initiated at once in the whole space.
In ship cabins the cabin sprinkler is preferably arranged to upon activation distribute liquid to a spray head mounted in an opening in a shower room wall of the cabin, in order to produce a suction from the cabin space into the shower room and further out through that ventilation duct which usually leads out of the shower room.
The invention shall in the following be described in more detail with reference to the attached drawing which, by way of example, shows a number of preferred embodiments.
FIG. 1 shows a plan drawing of a block of ship cabins and a corridor.
FIG. 2 shows a section of a cabin and of the corridor.
FIG. 3 shows a section of a corridor sprinkler.
FIG. 4 shows a section of a spray head in a wall of a shower room.
FIG. 5 shows an application of the invention in a larger space.
In FIG. 1 is seen eight ship cabins 1, four on either side of a corridor 2. From the shower or toilet room 3 of each cabin 1 leads a ventilation duct 4 to
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