Furnaces – Process – Incinerating refuse
Patent
1996-02-09
1999-08-31
Bennett, Henry A
Furnaces
Process
Incinerating refuse
110237, 110250, 110345, 110203, 21912138, 588201, F23G 700
Patent
active
059439700
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
The invention deals with thermal destruction of wastes, in particular, it refers to methods for wastes incineration and designing of incinerators with an extra heating of processed wastes.
In particular, the invention relates to the methods and equipment for thermal treatment of assorted wastes which consist of both combustable and noncombustable materials including refractory components.
Specifically, the invention concerns methods and equipment for thermal destruction of wastes which contain or may contain harmful components dangerous for the environment or wastes which produce such components during decomposition, especially thermal.
To be more specific, the invention concerns methods and equipment for destruction of infectious wastes generated by medical and veterinary clinics and institutions.
TECHNOLOGIES CURRENTLY APPLIED IN WASTE TREATMENT
Proper treatment and disposal of wastes in an environmentally acceptable manner has been an issue of serious concern among the industrial community, regarding each and every region and field of industry.
Processing of multicomponent waste with harmful and/or uncontrolled inclusions such as medical and veterinary wastes, domestic garbage or municipal wastes have become the most troubling problem. When dealing with such types of wastes any sorting or mechanical processing prior to wastes destruction is unwanted because it provokes some additional contacts with harmful and hazardous components and create an extra risk of contamination for the environment. It is generally agreed, that wastes of such types are to be destroyed intact with no preliminary sorting, in the incinerators equipped with the devices for an extra (usually, electrical) heating, which enables the proper heat recovery of complex wastes consisting of combustible (organic) and noncombustible (metals and slag-forming materials components.
Before transportation and loading into the furnace, the wastes are usually dosed, packaged and, if required, hermetically sealed to prevent the pollution of the area during wastes transitional storing (collecting) and transportation to the destination facility.
Of considerable current use is incineration of waste in a shaft furnace with a heating in plasma jets up to a temperature not less than 2000.degree. C. in an oxidizing atmosphere. With a sufficient time of treatment, the method allows full destruction (combustion) of organic components and melting of solid inclusions (see the U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,040, issued in 1985, F 23 D 1/00 class). According to this Patent, off-gases are released through a gas duct located in the shaft upper zone and the melt is discharged through a tap hole located at the bottom of the furnace.
A high level of reliability is ensured when wastes are incinerated on the surface of melted slag produced initially of appropriate materials loaded and melted prior to wastes introduction and maintained subsequently by melting of metallic components of wastes and by forming of slag of noncombustible compounds whereas surpluses of both melted metal and slag obtained are to be discharged. The related method and equipment are described, in particular, in Russian Federation Application No. 4953477/33 submitted Jun. 24, 1991 by the applicants who are in part the authors of the invention (Panfilov S, Simonov A, llyakhin S.), nowadays, the Patent No. 1836603 issued Aug. 23, 1993, class F 23 G 5/00.
Given common technological reasons, the walls and roofs of such furnaces including the wastes loading area, are cooled. In the above mentioned Patent of Russian Federation the reaction zone is sealed and the heating in plasma jets on the surface of melted slag is conducted at temperatures between 2500.degree. C. and 4500.degree. C. provided by plasma torches located over the hearth of the shaft furnace along the perimeter. The heating in the oxidizing atmosphere generated by oxygen enriched air fed into the torches provides the full destruction of all solid wastes and the safe release of wastes processing products, such as melted slag an
REFERENCES:
patent: 4644877 (1987-02-01), Barton et al.
patent: 5281790 (1994-01-01), Nguyen Handfield et al.
patent: 5301620 (1994-04-01), Nagel et al.
Doniants Nikolai Gedeonovich
Goldshtein Yakov Abrammerovich
Gonopolsky Adam Mikhailovich
Panfilov Sergei Alexeevich
Tilman Eduard Semenovich
Bennett Henry A
Tinker Susanne C.
Zborovsky Ilya
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