Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids – Apparatus – With means to treat gas or vapor
Patent
1984-04-11
1986-03-11
Schwartz, Larry I.
Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids
Apparatus
With means to treat gas or vapor
34 33, 34 92, 34207, F26B 304
Patent
active
045744955
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method for drying a material in batch operation in a closed drying space with the supply of heat. After putting the material into the drying space it is dried on at least one stationary drying surface. The present invention also relates to a drying plant for carrying out said method.
The drying of materials, i.e. the removal of moisture from all kinds of materials, is a frequently applied method of process engineering by means of which the materials are rendered durable or put into a state suitable for shipments or further processing. Among the methods used the method with artificial heat supply is a frequently used method. In the direct drying process the material to be dried is directly exposed to hot gases, for example, combustion gases, while in the indirect drying process, which is used primarily for sensistive material the drying is brought about by means of air, water, or the like, heated by heat exchangers.
The present invention relates to an indirect drying process which is carried out with a suitable drying plant. A corresponding drying plant is known in two embodiments. In one embodiment the drying plant is a drying cabinet which is a closed chamber. Heating plates which are heated by a heat carrier are disposed in several layers on the inside of said drying cabinet. The material to be dried is distributed over trays e.g. manually or also with a feeding device. The trays are then placed in the drying cabinet. The batch put into the drying cabinet in this manner is dried while heat is supplied. The internal pressure can be reduced to a vacuum and adapted to the dry process. When the drying is completed the batch distributed over the trays is removed from the drying cabinet, which is then prepared for drying the next batch. In the drying cabinet the drying process can be controlled in an ideal manner by adjusting the temperature and the pressure. Furthermore, the capital costs are relatively low. However, the fact that an automatic operation is practically impossible and that, therefore, a great deal of attendance is required is a disadvantage. The expenditure for keeping the drying cabinet clean also is high. However, any kind of material, i.e., materials ranging from the fluid to the lumpy state, can be dried.
A further known drying plant is the belt-type dryer, which can also be designed as a vacuum belt dryer. As in the drying cabinet a pressure-resistant chamber is used. Heating plates are disposed in said heating chamber in several superposed layers and in several series-connected zones, usually four or more zones. The heating plates are located below the upper run of endless belts, which are guided over a friction roller and a guide roller and can be driven by a motor. The material to be dried is guided into the inside of the chamber by means of a dosing device and uniformly distributed over the belts. Corresponding to the motion of the belts, the material is conveyed from the first zone to the zones therebehind. The temperature conditions can be adjusted differently in each zone so that the material is heated and dried in stages. At the guide roller of the rearmost zone the dried product is exposed outwardly and can be removed by the belt, for example, by pulling it off. However, the pressure conditions in the chamber, for example, maintaining a vacuum, are identical for all the drying zones of the belt-type dryer. The advantage of the belt-type dryer lies in that it has a greater capacity than a drying cabinet operated in batches, that it permits continuous operation and that it can thus be operated automatically with justifiable expenditure. Furthermore, the operating costs and the expenditure for hygiene or cleaning are low. However, the fact that not just any material, particularly no thinly liquid or lumpy material, but only pumpable and fluid materials can be dried in a belt-type dryer is a disadvantage.
The problem of the invention is to so develop the aforementioned drying method that it combines the advantages of both the drying cabinet and the b
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Schwartz Larry I.
Zschokke Wartmann AG
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