Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Processes of treating materials by wave energy
Reexamination Certificate
1999-02-16
2001-07-24
Wong, Edna (Department: 1741)
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Processes of treating materials by wave energy
C204S157150, C204S157300, C210S748080
Reexamination Certificate
active
06264802
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF ENGINEERING
The present invention relates to the technology of disinfection and purification of fluid media and surfaces and may be used for express air disinfection in rooms, for purification of drinking water and sewages from organic and bacterial impurities as well as for disinfection and sterilization of surfaces including man and animal skin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The method of treatment of open surfaces, liquid and air through the use of UV radiation of continuous spectrum (patent RU 2001629, 1993) is known. In this case sources of impulse UV radiation with impulse duration no more than 5×10
−4
sec. are used, they produce radiation intensity no less than 100 Kw/m
2
in treatment area. Bactericidal effect for different microorganisms is achieved in one or several impulses according to integrated energy of radiation dose.
Method of sewage purification from organic substances through use of UV radiation with similar features (patent RU 2001881, 1993 and RU 2031851, 1995) are known. In the latter case UV treatment is combined with use of oxidants.
The devices used in these methods contain an impulse gas discharge lamp, a power supply and control unit with a condenser, a generator of ignitor impulses and an impulse transformer the secondary winding of which is connected in series with the storage condenser and the impulse lamp, thereby providing a discharge circuit (patent RU 2008042, 1994, RU 2031659, 1994 and RU 203 1850, 1994).
The known methods and devices are deficient in efficiency and reliability. The word efficiency as applied to the devices for air disinfection and deodorization designates herein a degree of disinfection or purification of air in a room of predetermined volume which is achieved with a certain consumption of electric energy. In this manner a rise in the efficiency of a unit can be the result of an increase in the bactericidal flow of the UV radiation or of a decrease in the power requirements with all other parameters remaining unchanged.
A severe loss occurs in the transformation of supply line energy into energy of bactericidal UV radiation for the following reasons:
1. During loading of the storage condenser from a direct current source, there occurs a considerable energy loss due to excessively high currents in an early period of the loading process. In addition, elements of the electrical circuit of the unit operated at heavy current lack reliability under intensive operation conditions.
2. For disinfection of air in rooms of a great volume (of the order of 100 m
3
and more) significant power (of the order of 1 kW and more) is delivered to the impulse gas-discharge lamp, which requires effective cooling of the lamp and limitation on the ozone-constituting part of the radiation spectrum. That is to say, the lamp needs to be interposed in a liquid coolant (distilled water) and inductive coupling of the ignitor generator with the discharge circuit is possible only in the form of a transformer because mounting of a special ignitor electrode in a liquid at a high delivered voltage is unavailable.
3. During a change-over from preliminary low-power high-voltage break-down to ground discharge impulse, energy losses occur in association with the fact that in order to produce a high temperature in a radiating plasma the inductance L of the discharge circuit must be lowered (for increasing the maximal current) whereas for reliable generation of the ground discharge impulse the inductance must be increased (for increasing the duration of the ignitor impulse to 1 microsec.) The solution to the problem was one compromise. Because of this, on the one hand the plasma temperature fell below optimum magnitudes, resulting in deficient bactericidal UV radiation and inadequate efficiency of the unit. On the other hand, the discharge becomes unstable in early period thereof, due to inevitable fluctuations and spreads of parameters of the lamp and the plasma. This leads to failure and lack of radiation impulses, that is to say to unreliable and unstable operation of the unit.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of UV treatment and of the devices for implementation thereof.
To this end a treatment of liquid, air and surfaces is conducted by UV radiation of continuous spectrum with impulse duration 10
−6
-10
−3
sec. and radiation intensity no less than 100 Kw/m
2
using a plasma source of radiation with impulse energy storage under the following relation between parameters of the process:
W
o
A
×
S
rad
×
t
1
2
>
1
Where
:
W
o
-
is
the
energy
stored
up
in
storage
at
moment
of
discharge
,
J
;
(
1
)
S
rad
-
is
the
surface
area
of
the
radiating
surface
of
the
radiation
source
,
m
2
;
t
1
2
-
is
the
duration
of
a
radiation
impulse
at
half
-
altitude
of
a
peak
,
sec
.
;
A
=
10
8
W
/
m
2
-
is
a
constant
coefficient
.
The given relation was determined experimentally and it is necessary that the emission spectrum of plasma appears to be predominantly continuous, and that fraction and intensity of radiation pertaining to the UV region are sufficient for effective inactivation of microorganisms and destruction of toxic organic substances.
Treatment of a liquid medium, particularly high-fouled, may be conducted in the presence of an oxidant and/or a photocatalyst. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide are the most acceptable oxidants and titanum dioxide is usable as a photocatalyst, it may be deposited on gauze from stainless steel.
In a preferential variant, an impulse gas-discharge lamp is used as plasma source of radiation and a storage condenser (an electric condenser or a battery of condensers) is used as an impulse energy storage.
Other types of indicated units are allowable. For example, an open high-current gas- and vacuum-discharge or surface high-current discharge (e.g. discharges over surfaces of carbon ceramic, ferrite and so on) are usable as sources of plasma. Inductive storage (inductive coil), flywheel energy storage (e.g. a rotatable rotor) or chemical energy source (e.g. a blasting charge) are useful as impulse storage.
In the proposed device an electric circuit for power supply and control of UV radiation is used.
The device contains an impulse gas-discharge lamp, a power supply and a control unit, equipped with a high-voltage direct current source and a storage condenser, a generator of ignitor impulses and an impulse transformer on ferrite core (for example ring-shaped). The high-voltage d.c. source can be implemented in the form of a high-voltage rectifier and high-voltage coil. A primary winding of the impulse transformer is connected to output of the ignitor generator. A secondary winding is connected in series with the storage condenser and the impulse lamp to form a discharge circuit, parameters of which are bound together by the relation:
0
,
05
<
U
2
B
×
d
×
h
C
/
L
0
<
1
where
:
U
-
is
the
voltage
of
the
impulse
energy
storage
,
V
;
C
-
is
the
capacitance
of
the
impulse
energy
storage
,
F
;
L
0
-
is
the
&it
Arkhipov Vladimir Pavlovich
Kamrukov Alexandr Semenovich
Korop Evgeny Dmitrievich
Kozlov Nikolai Pavlovich
Kukanov Valery Anatolievich
Greer Burns & Crain Ltd.
Kamrukov Alexandr Semenovich
Wong Edna
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