Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Patent
1992-02-21
1994-09-20
Wityshyn, Michael G.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
436 63, 436110, 73 234, 73 2341, C12Q 100, G01N 3348, G01N 3100
Patent
active
053488512
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method and a device for the detection, particularly in air, of the presence of vessel dilatation components. A biological detector is used with intestinal blood vessels or parts thereof as the sensor element. The present invention can especially be used for the detection of explosives, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and nitroglycerin. By means of the present invention it is possible to detect TNT in as small amounts as 10.sup.-15 mol. The sensitivity for nitroglycerin is also high, even if concentrations just as low cannot be detected.
Vessel dilatation substances can be analyzed with the use of chemically advanced and expensive equipments, being however more suitable for laboratory work. There is, however, a demand for a more field-adapted analysis apparatus, which can be used at places of work. A field-adapted analysis apparatus is also required to be used when you are searching for explosives that have been placed by terrorists and for the supervision of airports and to prevent the smuggling of explosives. It is also important to be able to find mines which have been placed in order to damage the civilian population or in order to prevent the advance of military units.
The best and most reliable method up to now for a more field-adapted detection of explosives has been to use dogs. Dogs are reported to have a sensitivity of up to 10.sup.-15 mol of TNT, which corresponds to about 10.sup.-13 g, a sensitivity which very well agrees with the requirements given if you should be able to detect a mine when passing. Also other animals such as rats have been tried and found to achieve the same high sensitivity.
We have now found that the same high sensitivity, which is achieved with rats and dogs, can be obtained if instead you use a biological preparation in vitro consisting of precontracted blood vessels in the form of sections, pieces, cellular or subcellular portions thereof, and allow air comprising the vessel dilatation components, for instance explosive vapours from TNT or nitroglycerin to pass the preparation and observe the effect of the vessel dilatation component on the vessel muscle.
Thus, the effect of the explosive vapours on the blood vessel musculature can be studied. We have found that if the vessel muscle is shortened, precontracted with phenylephrine, an adrenaline-like substance, extremely small concentrations of TNT will cause relaxation of the muscle. The effect of TNT on the vessel muscle contraction can be observed at as small amounts of TNT as 10.sup.-15 mol, which is identical with the detection limit of the mine dogs for TNT. Thus, the biological detector according to the invention can register a mine which is enclosed in a metal or plastic casing just by allowing the detector to pass in the vicinity of the mine. It can very well be used to check luggage at airports, locate bombs during bomb threats and the like, i.e. the biological detector of the invention fulfils the demands for sensitivity as well as for usability in the field.
In order to be able to register the effect of the vessel dilatation component on the blood vessel musculature, you can measure directly the change in the tension force in the muscle or the muscle elongation. You can also study the effect on the enzyme which is active at the transfer of the chemical stimulation leading to vessel dilatation. This enzyme is believed to be the hemoprotein guanylate cyclase. The hemoprotein reaction can be registered optically, for instance with the use of a fibre-optical sensor.
A device according to the present invention, measuring for instance the change in the vessel muscle contraction caused by the explosive, comprises a force measuring element, to which the vessel musculature is attached. The vessel muscle is preserved in a container holding an organ bath giving nutriment and also a proper milieu for the muscle. The muscle is also attached to the bottom of the container. Gas of a suitable composition is pumped through the container. The vapour which is to be examined is also sucked or pumpe
REFERENCES:
patent: 3430482 (1969-03-01), Dravnieks et al.
patent: 3568411 (1971-03-01), Dravnieks et al.
Axelsson, deceased Krister
Karlsson Jan-Olof
Odman Svante
Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt
Gitomer Ralph
Wityshyn Michael G.
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