Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Processes – Including mixing or combining with air – gas or steam
Patent
1981-06-22
1984-09-25
Kashnikow, Andres
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Processes
Including mixing or combining with air, gas or steam
239405, 431 9, B05B 134
Patent
active
044731850
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns a method and a device for producing microdroplets of fluid.
In a great number of chemical or physical processes, particularly in drying and combustion processes, it is of great importance to obtain reactive microdroplets of fluid. Ordinarily, a fluid is pressed to this end through a specially designed atomizer nozzle, which effects a spraying apart or an atomizing of the fluid. The atomizing can also be effected with the aid of steam or compressed air, whereas these methods are not used with small amounts of fluid.
It is also generally known how to improve or accelerate the exit of a fluid jet from a nozzle through a gas flow surrounding the emerging jet in concentrical manner. However, the gas flow is not intended to effect an atomization of the fluid emerging from the nozzle but rather, on the contrary, to hold together the jet of the fluid. Finally, it is also known how to convey a rotary movement to the thin gas mantle holding together the fluid jet or also a droplet sponge, in order thereby to obtain a rotation of the fluid jet proper (DE-OS No. 1 475 162). However, also with this known solution the intention is to avoid an atomization of the fluid or further fine atomization.
The present invention is now based on the problem of creating a method and a device for producing microdroplets of fluid, which method or which device permits an extremely fine atomization also at a very low fluid pressure.
This problem is solved with regard to the method of the invention in that manner that a substantially hollow spray cone is formed and that which is approximately concentric and spiral-shaped in relation to the theoretical axis of the spray cone, so that the spray cone is broken up by the flow of the gas.
In accordance with the invention a violent collision of the fluid and the flow of gas is brought about intentionally and in controlled manner. Thereby it is possible to obtain also a fine atomization at a very low pressure of the fluid emerging from the opening. A maximum fine atomization is obtained with the method of the invention even with very small amounts of flow.
Preferably, the radius of the spiral-shaped path of the flow of the gas in the direction away from the opening, through which the fluid is injected into the atomizer chamber, is reduced to an ever increasing extent at a uniform rate, is possible. Thereby the flow of gas experiences an additional acceleration, with the consequence that the droplets of fluid carried along, are broken up to an increasing extent. Extremely fine droplets of fluid or microdroplets of fluid are obtained in the order of magnitude of about 20 .mu.m. Such a small mean size of droplets cannot be obtained with the known atomizer nozzles or methods. In most instances a reduction of the mean size of the droplets to a level below 50 .mu.m was unsuccessful due to the limited possibilities of manufacturing technology available. There are spray nozzles for such a coarse dispersion with nozzle slots uniformly distributed over the periphery having a width of about 100 .mu.m each. Since manufacturing tolerances between 98 .mu.m and 102 .mu.m cannot be avoided, such spray nozzles result in an uneven distribution of the spray or an uneven distribution of the droplets. In addition, it was shown that spray slots having a width of about 100 .mu.m can be easily and quickly clogged up when fluids are used which contain solid particles (impurities), for example oil, after a short time, when such fluid is used for atomizing. Subsequently, after having been used for a longer period of time the distribution of the droplets is nonumiform. Impurities may lead to wear and tear which, in its turn, results in a nonuniform distribution. To further reduce the size of the droplets it has been shown that it is advantageous to introduce the droplets of the fluid through an opening into a preferably cylindrical transport chamber and to carry them by way of a spiral-shaped flow of gas to the end opposite to the inlet opening, which end is preferably op
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Skoog Kurt L.
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