Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system – Display driving control circuitry – Controlling the condition of display elements
Reexamination Certificate
1998-01-29
2001-04-24
Bayerl, Raymond J. (Department: 2773)
Computer graphics processing and selective visual display system
Display driving control circuitry
Controlling the condition of display elements
C345S215000, C345S215000, C345S215000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06222532
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim
1
. The usage of keyframes as representative parts of a video presentation, that is recorded for subsequent selective playback, has been proposed elsewhere. A continuous video stream means that video remains “on”, which may include animation, a series of stills, or an interactive sequence of images. The character may be various, such as film, news, or for example a shopping list. State of the art is represented by the article ‘Content-Based Video Indexing and Retrieval’ by S. W. Smoliar and H. J. Zhang, IEEE Multimedia, Summer 1994, pages 62-72.
Keyframes may be derived from video material upon its reception at the user's through a derivation algorithm, or keyframes may be labelled as such by a video provider, for example, in that each video shot will start with a keyframe. A third scheme is that the frames succeed each other with uniform time intervals as relating to standard video speed. The present invention recognizes that keyframes should be utilized so as to give users a dynamic overview over the presentation, combined with useful facilities for enabling them to easier access the material, for selecting or deselecting for subsequent display, or for editing.
A particular problem with present-day projects for digital and compressed coding of video images is that storage thereof on mass media generally does not allow immediate access thereto, in particular in that the linear storage density such as expressable in frames per storage size is non-uniform. It has been proposed to supplement a high-capacity main storage medium such as tape with a secondary storage medium with smaller capacity and enhanced accessibility. In that case, the execution of trick modes, such as fast forward and fast reverse, as well as editing of the video material for subsequent presentation in an abstracted, modified, or rearranged form give rise to appreciable difficulties, both as seen from the aspect of the user interface, as well as perceived from the aspect of storage technology.
SUMMARY TO THE INVENTION
In consequence, amongst other things, it is an object of the present invention to introduce more flexibility into the organization, as well as to present to a user with a more natural feeling of the storage organization as well as of the video material proper, whilst obviating the need to continually access the main storage medium. Now therefore, according to one of its aspects the invention is characterized according to the remainder of claim
1
. Presenting the frames in a temporally ordered manner allows to effect fast forward and fast reverse in a simple manner, for example if the frames succeed each other with uniform time intervals as relating to standard video speed. Furthermore, the easy change of hierarchical level with variable granularity in time between the frames, allows easy accessing and editing. The same is true if the keyframes or at least a fraction thereof derive from filmshot commencements, or from other relevant events generated by the original film editor. In this manner, a clustering operation may be effected automatically.
Advantageously, the method may include highlighting a presently selected keyframe by enlarging it at a multiple-sized format with respect to other keyframes, whilst furthermore including detecting deleterious video interlacing effects and if so, reducing such effect by vertical decimation and/or including applying an upsampling filter to the image before display. Whereas video distortions in relatively smallish keyframes have been experienced as tolerable, if a particular keyframe is enlarged, extra measures should be taken for picture improvement. The inventor has recognized that this upgrading, although not always attaining the quality level present under standard rendering conditions, gives a pleasant and instructive improvement of picture quality.
The invention also relates to a device arranged for implementing the steps of the method as recited. Further advantageous aspects of the invention are recited in dependent claims.
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Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, vol. 1, 1990, Y. Tonomura et al., Content Oriented Visual Interface Using Video Icons for Visual Database Systems:, pp. 183-198.
IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 41, No. 3, Aug. 1995, H-Y Chen ete al., A multi-layer video browsing system:, p. 842.
IEEE Multimedia, Summer 1994, pp. 62-72, S.W. Smoliar et al: Content-based Video Indexing and Retrieval.
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“Content-Based Video Indexing and Retrieval”, by S.W. Smoliar and H.J. Zhang, IEEE Multimedia, Summer 1994, pp. 62-72.
Bayerl Raymond J.
Thai Cuong T.
Thorne Gregory L.
U.S. Philips Corporation
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