Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids – Apparatus – With means to treat gas or vapor
Patent
1983-06-14
1985-12-03
Schwartz, Larry I.
Drying and gas or vapor contact with solids
Apparatus
With means to treat gas or vapor
34 31, 34 48, 34 52, F26B 2110
Patent
active
045558582
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for drying agricultural and other granular products or produces with surface or bound moisture content, with a constant output and an energy saving method, in course of which the material to be dried is brought into contact with a heat carrying drying agent, while advancing through the drying area; thereafter the heat content of the drying agent laden with vapour is either partly utilized or led directly into the atmosphere, while the dry material, having been freed of its moisture content to the predetermined extent, is led to further processing or use.
Furtheron the invention relates to an equipment being suitable to perform the aforesaid process, having a drying area provided with a feed and discharge opening for the material to be dried, with a duct through which the pressure fan delivering the drying agent is connected and in a given case with an exhaustor for the suction of the drying agent, being connected via an exhaust duct, while before or behind the pressure fan a heating equipment for heating the drying agent is inserted.
STATE OF THE ART
It is a well known fact that dryers expel the liquids from materials containing the moisture on the surface or in bound form by evaporation. The thermal energy required for evaporation is led to the material to be dried either by radiation, conduction or convection accordingly, directly or by the intervention of some heat carrying agent, being generally a gaseous substance. The vapour having been evaporated is delivered by the heat carrying agent itself into the atmosphere. The dried material being freed of its moisture content to the predetermined extent is led on an other way to use or further processing.
In course of the drying process it is of utmost importance that as well the control of the drying process as the design of the dryer should facilitate that the energy required for evaporation should reach the material to be dried with a high efficiency and uniformly; further that during of the process losses should be minimized. Losses result in the first place from the heat escaping through the surface of the equipment, secondly from the heat leaving with the dried material, thirdly with the moisture converted into vapour and with the heat content of the vapour carrying drying agent.
Although with the processes and equipments having been realized in practice, the mentioned requirements were mostly met, but due to the previously prevailing relative energy abundance and the low price of energy carriers, less attention was paid to the economy of the drying process. Due to this fact, direct intervention to the drying process, as e.g. continuous control of the output, coordination of heating energy consumption and output, utilization of the heat content of the exiting agents were mostly neglected. As a consequence, it often occurs that the quality of the dryed product is not uniform, furtheron much more energy is used as theoretically needed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The task of the invention consists of elimination of these disadvantageous features, simultaneously to ensure the uniform quality of the dried product.
The invention is based on a physical phenomenon, that far the intensity of the expulsion of moisture from certain materials to be dried by evaporation is considerably changing during the drying process. On the first interval, the moist material is only preheated, as in equipment operating mostly with atmospherical pressure, heating up to at about 60.degree.-120.degree. C. is needed to start rapid evaporation of the water. When the liquid contained and the material have reached the temperature of intensive evaporation, discharge of the moisture bound to the material surface or in the vicinity thereof begins. Here, if the structural design of the dryer enables an intensive heat supply, a considerable quantity of moisture can be expelled in a relatively short time, and in a nearly steady manner. To expel the moisture from the inside of the material, i.e. separation of the s
REFERENCES:
patent: 1127974 (1915-02-01), Ellis
patent: 3129073 (1964-04-01), Mathews
patent: 3406463 (1968-10-01), Andersen
patent: 4004351 (1977-01-01), Sanneman et al.
Awtomatizatsia proizwodstwennykh protsessow etc. by V. A. Golubiatnikow, p. 163, Publ. Khimia (Moscow), 1972.
Aszlanyi Jozsef
Balint Sandor
Barta Gyorgy
Hegedus Bela
Hudak Janos
"Oktober 6" Mezogazdasagi Termeloszovetkezet
Schwartz Larry I.
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