Method and device for feeding components for bone cement into a

Details Method and device for feeding components for bone cement into a Method and device for feeding components for bone cement into a

1996-09-09

1998-12-22

Williams, Hezron

Measuring and testing

Rotor unbalance

Tool and adjunct

356155, G01P 1500

Patent

active

058522417

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system for measuring wheel alignment angles on vehicles and determining the positions of vehicle chassis units. The values of the angles formed by the rotational axes of the wheels with each other, as well as with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the road surface, must be fixed to ensure that the steering characteristics of the vehicle are satisfactory and that tire wear is minimized. Furthermore, in the case of steering front wheels, these angles shall be altered in a specific manner when the wheels are steered in a direction other than their normal direction of rolling. This is achieved, firstly, by the fact that the king pins about which the wheels pivot when turned are aligned at a fixed angle to the road surface and, secondly, that the steering arms through which the movements of the steering wheel are transferred to the road wheels form fixed angles with the direction of rolling of the wheels. The permissible deviations from the ideal values are so small that control measurement must be carried out at regular intervals and the wheel alignment adjusted as required, particularly if the vehicle has been subjected to abnormal stresses.
The vertical direction is normally used as reference when measuring wheel alignment angles in the vertical plane. No similar natural reference is available when carrying out measurements in the horizontal plane. In the case of light vehicles, such as cars, wheel angle measurements may be referred to the mean direction of travel of the rear wheels, and many methods and devices for this purpose have been developed over the years.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the case of heavy vehicles, the longitudinal axis of the vehicle should instead be used as reference. Swedish patent No. 7316572-2 deals with a system of measurement in which a reference of this type is used. In this procedure, two lateral gauge rods, provided with lateral measurement scales at their respective ends, are attached to the vehicle at the front and rear in such manner that the zero points of the scales are at the same distance from the longitudinal axis of the vehicle a holder provided with a journal is attached to each wheel, with the journal aligned parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel. The optical extensions of the lines of collimation with the respective measurement scales in both directions can be compared with each other to determine the positions of the points relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. The measured values can be used to determine the direction of rolling of the wheels and the required wheel angles, for which purpose the distance, on each side of the vehicle, between the sighting device and the scales must be known.
To ensure high accuracy of measurement, a wheel alignment measurement procedure of this type must be carried out in a careful and meticulous manner, which can be time-consuming and may also be subject to error due to the human factor. Thus, if the distances between the measurement scales is long, they (the scales) may be difficult to read from the sighting device. With the aim of simplifying the measurement procedure, Swedish patent No. 9191303-7 describes a refinement of the aforementioned system in which a holder provided with a journal parallel to the axis of rotation is attached in a known manner to each individual wheel or pair of wheels. A radiation source, such as a laser projector, which is arranged at the side of the vehicle in a plane common to its longitudinal axis to alternately illuminate at least two lateral measurement scales in or at each respective end of the vehicle, is mounted on the said journal. In this context, each measurement scale consists of an opto electronic detector unit incorporating a number of photocells and at least one microprocessor, which computes the measured values and supplies information on the exact position of the incident light beam on the scale. However, a system of this type employing photosensitive measurement

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