Solid material comminution or disintegration – Processes – Miscellaneous
Patent
1983-02-08
1986-12-30
Goldberg, Howard N.
Solid material comminution or disintegration
Processes
Miscellaneous
241143, 241251, 2412541, 2412601, 2411017, B02C 1816
Patent
active
046323171
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method and a device for desintegrating coarse and voluminous non-friable material, e.g. stumps, peat and waste from clearing, demolition and packing etc. to desirable fractions for e.g. making cellulose, fuel, compost and the like.
PRIOR ART
This type of handling demands large machines with heavy expenses. The machine types, which alrady are available on the market, have heavy consumption of energy and proportionately low production capacity at the same time as they have a limited capacity to accept and desintegrate very bulky material.
A large group of machines for this purpose desintegrate the material by feeding the same toward one or several constrictions by means of one or several parallel screws. This is a very energy demanding method because of the friction in the constriction.
Another group of machines (SE-patent No. 409 420) have screws which above a bottom feed the material forwardly toward stationary dolly knives. A problem herewith is a.o. that the material may stop against the knives. To reduce this problem it is suggested in the patent to intermittently and individually reverse the operation of the screws to feed back the material which possibly have stopped. However, this does not prevent that these machines have defective capacity.
A third group of machines for this purpose operate with propeller like screw members which principally divide the material in a tangential direction against dollies in form of counteracting rotors or fixed projections from surrounding stand walls. Also machines with rapidly rotating striking members e.g. hammer mills have been used to desintegrate coarse waste, but they have limitations regarding the dimension of the material supplied thereto.
THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and a device for desintegrating coarse material to pieces of desirable dimension with lowest possible energy consumption and with as little too fine material as possible.
According to the invention the material is desintegrated in a way which is defined in claim 1. Accordingly, the material will not be fed forwardly by the screws but is torn and crushed between them until it passes through the spaces between the screws. By choosing a suitable dimension of the spaces between the screws, a desirable dimension of the desintegrated material can be obtained. Since the screws have a comparatively small pitch in proportion to the diameter of the screw the tangential operating force is geared up to a many times larger axially operating force. The axial forces in two cooperating screws counteract each other. Accordingly, the material introduced between these screws is effectd by a counteracting force couple tearing the material in its weakest sections into pieces. When the material is desintegrated so that it can fall down through the openings between the screws the material is finally divided and may be transported away.
The above desintegration effect is obtained along the whole slot between two cooperating screws, which gives a larte production capacity with a comparative small energy consumption. The threads on the screws should be blade shaped and slope in the feeding direction and should be covered on the edge with a wear resistant material. Counteracting feeding directions can be provided either by two adjacent screws having different directions of rotation or by screws having opposite threads, i.e. one is right threaded and the other is left threaded.
The division of the material may also be done in several steps, whereby it may pass several sets of cooperating screws with gradually decreasing dimensions and mutual distance.
The characteristics of the device according to the invention appears by claim 6. The screws should be arranged essentially horizontally so that the material owing to the gravitation passes between them. Above the screws a funnel is located and under them an opening for discharge. In the latter also a grid and classifying means may be located.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows
REFERENCES:
patent: 4003115 (1977-01-01), Fisher
patent: 4040571 (1977-08-01), Lindeborg
patent: 4339084 (1982-07-01), Eriksson
Wexell Harry W.
Wroblewski Franz B.
Eley Timothy V.
Goldberg Howard N.
Harrison Michael L.
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