Turning – Process of turning
Patent
1994-05-25
1996-09-03
Rachuba, M.
Turning
Process of turning
82900, 409136, B23Q 1110, B23B 100
Patent
active
055513247
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention relates in general to materials machining methods and more specifically to a method and device for cooling the machining zone.
BACKGROUND ART
Known in the present of the art is a method for machining materials (U.S. Pat. No. 1,483,205), wherein compressed air is supplied through a vortex tube to an air stream ionizing means, a corona discharge being applied for the purpose. Once electric current has been applied to the corona-discharge electrode, a corona discharge occurs and the electric field of said discharge ionizes and ozonizes the surrounding air, whereupon the ionized and ozonized air stream is fed, through an inlet nozzle, to the machining zone so as to cool the cutting tool and the material being machined. In addition, the ionized air stream promotes formation of a fine oxide film on the surface of the material being machined and of the cutting tool. Such an oxide film serves as lubricant in the machining process which reduces friction and hence decreases heat evolution in the machining zone.
However, the method discussed before fails to provide adequately efficacious cooling and lubrication of the surface of the material being machined and of cutting tool. Considerable convective and gas-dynamic streams which prevent the ionized and ozonized air stream from getting to the machining zone. Thus, formation of an oxide film on the surface being machined and on that of the cutting tool is less reliable, which results in low cutting tool endurance and affected quality of surface finish.
The method described above can be carried into effect through the use of a device for machining materials (U.S. Pat. No. 1,483,205), comprising a negative-polarity current source, a unit for establishing an air stream, and an air stream ionizing means having a corona-discharge electrode electrode connected to the current source. The air ionizing means appears as a stub pipe accommodating the corona-discharge electrode arranged lengthwise the stub pipe. The air stream establishing unit comprises a compressed air source which communicates, via a vortex tube, with the entrance to the air-stream ionizing means.
The device discussed above suffers from the same disadvantages as the method described before.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has for its principal object to provide a method for cooling the machining zone which is capable of feeding to the machining zone at an adequate flow rate a gaseous cutting fluid having controlled physical and chemical parameters that enable an oxide film having a sufficient and uniform thickness to be obtained on the interacting surfaces of the material being machined and of the cutting tool, as well as an efficient heat withdrawal from the machining zone, and also to provide a device for carrying said method into effect.
The foregoing object is accomplished due to the fact that it is a method for cooling the machining zone, wherein a gaseous cutting fluid is fed to the machining zone that has been treated in the field of a corona discharge in an ionizer, according to the invention, the gaseous cutting fluid is fed to the machining zone at a flow rate not below the cutting speed and use is made, for initiating a corona discharge, of a controlled electric current whose intensity is varied in accordance with a change in the rate of flow of the gaseous cutting fluid.
Convective and dynamic gas streams result from the material machining process in the machining zone, which prevent a flow of the gaseous cutting fluid to get into the machining zone. To avoid such a negative phenomenon the rate of flow of the gaseous cutting fluid must be not less than the cutting speed. Use of stabilized (controlled) electric current for initiating a corona discharge make it possible to attain a stable degree of ionization of the gaseous fluid during the machining process. This results in formation of a uniform oxide film on the surface of the cutting tool and of the surface being machined, said film serving as a lubricant in the machining process. As a result
REFERENCES:
Berg, A. I., et al., "Solution Errors-Remote Measuring Frequency System", Encyclopedia of Modern Engineering -Automation of Manufacturing Processes and Industrial Electronics, p. 402.
Akhmetzyanov Izyaslav D.
Zamman Atik
Hansen Kenneth J.
Rachuba M.
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