Method and compositions for coloring hair

Details Method and compositions for coloring hair Method and compositions for coloring hair

2001-05-10

2003-12-30

Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Live hair or scalp treating compositions

C424S401000, C424S064000, C008S406000, C008S408000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06669933

ABSTRACT:

TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention is in the field of compositions and methods for oxidative dyeing of hair.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Commercially available hair color generally falls into one of three categories: permanent, semi-permanent, or temporary. The term “permanent” generally refers to oxidative hair color, which provides hair color that lasts about four to six weeks. Oxidative hair color is usually sold in the form of a two component kit. The preferred kits have one container filled with an aqueous alkaline composition in the liquid, gel, or creme form that contains oxidative dyes, an alkalizing agent which is most often ammonium hydroxide, optionally one or more fatty acids. In the other container is a developer composition that contains an oxidizing agent, usually hydrogen peroxide. The two components are mixed immediately prior to use and applied to hair. This mixture is left on the hair for an appropriate period of time, generally 20 to 60 minutes, then rinsed off with water.
While permanent hair color provides the longest lasting results, many consumers feel that waiting 20 to 60 minutes for hair to color is simply too long. Accordingly, the time commitment deters many potential consumers from coloring their hair. Obviously if the time period required for oxidatively coloring hair could be reduced significantly, this would make coloring the hair much more attractive to consumers.
Efforts to reduce the time to permanently color hair have met with limited success. Some attempts have involved increasing the dye concentration in the hair color mixture to achieve greater color deposit in a shorter period of time. One example of this type of dye is a Clairol product, For Men Only, which is a shampoo in hair color targeted to gray haired men who desire to blend away their gray hair in a five minute process. While the Clairol product will deposit color in five minutes and blend away gray, its biggest drawback is that it is strictly a tone-on-tone color. That means that no lifting of the hair occurs, and at most the hair can only be colored the same color or a darker color than the original color. Revlon also sells a commercial product hair color product for men that colors hair in five minutes. While this product provides permanent color to hair it does not provide any “lift”. Thus, the haircolor will only color the hair the same shade or a darker shade.
A Japanese product called Lavenus advertises 10 minute color. However this product provides lift or bleaching only, and is only capable of lightening the hair by bleaching the melanin out of the hair fibers.
In order to permanently color hair in shorter periods of time, say less than 10 or 12 minutes, without restriction as to shade, it is necessary to both bleach the melanin out of the hair fibers and color the hair in the desired color in the given time frame.
It has been discovered that time required to achieve lift and color the hair can be significantly reduced if the composition ultimately applied to the hair has three very specific parameters, namely the composition as applied to the hair must have a total concentration of hair dyes (primary intermediates and couplers) ranging from about 0.01-2.0% by weight of the total composition, a free alkalinity concentration of 0.20-0.75 meq/gram, and a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 4.0 to 6.0% by weight of the total composition.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method and compositions for oxidatively coloring hair in twelve, preferably ten, minutes or less.
It is further object of the invention to provide a method and compositions for permanently coloring hair in ten minutes or less without damaging or drying hair.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a hair dye composition wherein the mixture as applied to hair contains very specific ranges of alkalizing agent, dye, and hydrogen peroxide, in order to achieve permanent hair color in twelve, preferably ten, minutes or less.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to a aqueous hair color composition for oxidatively coloring hair in ten to twelve minutes or less, wherein said composition is prepared by combining a dye mixture and a developer mixture, said aqueous hair color composition comprising:
a) 0.01-2.0% (combined weight) of the total composition of primary intermediates and couplers,
b) a free alkalinity concentration of 0.20 to 0.75 meq/gram, and
c) a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 4.0 to 6.0% by weight of the total composition.
The invention is also directed to a hair coloring kit containing separate containers of:
I. an aqueous dye mixture comprising:
a) primary intermediates and color couplers, and
b) an alkalizing agent; and
II. an aqueous hydrogen peroxide containing developing mixture for use with said dye mixture;
wherein when the aqueous hair dye mixture is combined with the aqueous developing mixture, the resulting aqueous hair color composition comprises:
a) 0.01-2.0% (combined weight) of the total composition of primary intermediates and couplers,
b) a free alkalinity concentration of 0.20-0.75 meq/gram, and
c) a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 4.0 to 6.0% by weight of the total composition.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
I. The Aqueous Haircolor Composition
The aqueous hair color composition of the invention is formed by combining a hair dye mixture and a developer mixture. The hair dye mixture and the developer mixture will be described separately as to their constitutents, followed by a description of the aqueous hair color composition that is obtained when the hair dye mixture and developer mixture are combined in order to achieve the objectives of the invention.
A. The Hair Dye Mixture
The hair dye mixture may be in the form of a liquid or creme. The term “crème” means a viscous liquid or semi-solid that does not readily drip when applied to the hair. It may be in the solution or emulsion form. Preferably, the hair dye mixture is in the form of an emulsion, more preferably a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion. Most preferred is where the mixture is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. Such types of emulsion may contain from about 35-98% water and 2-65% oil, all percentages by weight of the total composition. The hair dye mixture may also contain other ingredients, as set forth herein.
1. Primary Intermediates.
The claimed composition comprises one or more primary intermediates. Suggested ranges of primary intermediates are 0.0001-6%, preferably 0.0005-5.5%, more preferably 0.001-5% by weight of the total composition. Such primary intermediates are well known for use in hair color, and include ortho or para substituted aminophenols or phenylenediamines, such as para-phenylenediamines of the formula:
wherein R
1
and R
2
are each independently hydrogen, C
1-6
alkyl, or C
1-6
alkyl substituted with one or more hydroxy, methoxy, methylsulphonylamino, aminocarbonyl, furfuryl, unsubstituted phenyl, or amino substituted phenyl groups; R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, and R
6
are each independently hydrogen, C
1-6
alkyl, C
1-6
alkoxy, halogen, or C
1-6
alkyl substituted with one or more hydroxy or amino groups.
Specific examples of suitable primary intermediates include para-phenylenediamine, 2-methyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2-chloro-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2-methoxy-1,4-diaminobenzene, 1-phenylamino-4-aminobenzene, 1-dimethylamino-4-aminobenzene, 1-diethylamino-4-aminobenzene, 1-bis(beta-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-aminobenzene, 1-methoxyethylamino-4-aminobenzene, 2-hydroxymethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2-hydroxyethyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 2-isopropyl-1,4-diaminobenzene, 1-hydroxypropylamino-4-aminobenzene, 2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxy-1,4-diaminobenzene, 1-amino-4-hydroxybenzene, and derivatives thereof, and acid or basic salts thereof
Preferred primary intermediates are p-phenylenediamine, p-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, their salts and mixtures thereof.
2. Color Coupler
The dye mixture preferably comprises from about 0.0001-10%, more pr

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