Fuel and related compositions – Liquid fuels – Containing acyclic oxygen single bonded to acyclic oxygen
Patent
1990-07-02
1992-02-25
Willis, Jr., Prince
Fuel and related compositions
Liquid fuels
Containing acyclic oxygen single bonded to acyclic oxygen
C10L 118
Patent
active
050909673
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention refers to a method and a liquid composition which initiates and optomizes processes of combustion containing hydrocarbon compounds and by that reduces the content of injurious substances in the exhaust gases or discharges, at which a liquid composition containing a peroxide or peroxo compound is supplied to the air of combustion or the fuel-air mixture.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years attention has been paid to the environmental contamination and the high energy consumption especially due to the dramatically occuring forest death. Exhaust gases have however always been a problem in population centers. Despite continuously improved engines and heating techniques with less discharges or exhaust gases, the increasing numbers of vehicles and incineration plants have resulted in a total increase of the amount of exhaust gases.
The primary cause of impure exhaust gases and high energy consumption is insufficent combustion. The construction of the combustion process, the efficiency of the ignition system, the quality of the fuel and the fuel-air mixture determines how effective the combustion becomes and how much uncombusted and dangerous substances the gases contain. Different techniques are used for reducing the amount of the substances, for examples recirculation systems and the well known catalyst technique, which provides a combustion of the exhaust gases outside the actual combustion process.
Combustion is the reaction of a substance with oxygen (O.sub.2) with generation of heat. Substances like carbon (C), hydrogen gas (H.sub.2), hydrocarbons and sulphur (S) generate sufficent heat for maintaining their combustion temperature while for example nitrogen gas (N.sub.2) requires a supply of heat for being oxidized.
At a high temperature, 1200.degree.-2500.degree. C. and a sufficient amount of oxygen a complete combustion is achieved, i.e. each substance takes up a maximum amount of oxygen. The end products are CO.sub.2 (carbon dioxide), H.sub.2 O (water), SO.sub.2 and SO.sub.3 (sulphur oxides) and somewhat NO and NO.sub.2 (nitrogen oxides, NOx). The sulphur and nitrogen oxides are responsible for a great deal of the acidification of the environment; they are injurious to inhale and especially the later steals energy from the combustion process.
It is also possible to obtain cold flames, for example the blue, flattering flame from a candle which is going out, where the temperature is only about 400.degree. C. The oxidation will then not be complete but the end products can be H.sub.2 O.sub.2 (hydrogen peroxide), CO (carbon monoxide) and possibly C (soot). The two last mentioned substances are, like NO, injurious and can give off more energy at a complete combustion.
Petrol is a mixture of hydrocarbons from crude oil with a boiling point in the interval 40.degree.-200.degree. C. About 2000 different hydrocarbons with 4-9 carbons are contained therein.
The detailed combustion process is very complicated also for simple substances. The fuel molecules are decomposed to smaller units, of which most are so called free radicals, i.e. unstable molecules which quickly react with for example oxygen.
The most important radicals are the oxygen atom O: the hydrogen atom H and the hydroxyl radical OH. Especially the latter is of greatest importance for decomposing and oxidizing the fuel both through directly bonding to this and by removing hydrogen at which water is formed.
In the beginning of the initiation of the combustion water is decomposed from these according to the reaction electrode with surface which the water collides. Since water is a very stable molecule a high temperature is required for the decomposition to take place. The better alternative is to add hydrogen peroxide which is decomposed in a similar way:
This reaction takes place much easier and at a lower temperature, especially on surfaces at which the ignition of the fuel-air mixture occurs easier and in a more controlled way. A further positive effect of the reaction of a surface is that hydrogen pero
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McAvoy Ellen
Willis Jr. Prince
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