Turning – Process of turning
Patent
1996-02-05
1998-07-07
Arbes, Carl J.
Turning
Process of turning
407113, 407114, B23B 1700, B26D 101
Patent
active
057751870
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to machining of materials and, more specifically, to a method of producing surfaces with alternating ridges and depressions and a tool for effecting same.
2. Discussion of Relevant Art
A current problem today is to provide surfaces with a deep regular relief in the form of alternating ridges and depressions. Such surfaces, e.g., those having ribs on tubes, are widely used to intensify heat transfer processes in convective and condensation-evaporation heat exchange. Among the devices using such surfaces are heat exchangers and radiators, condensers and evaporators in refrigeration and cryogenic machines, heat tubes, steam generators and other devices.
A most common highly-efficient method for making ribbings is a roll-forming or knurling method residing in plastic deformation of a blank surface by means of a knurl tool.
However, this method calls for the use of special equipment and costly tools, and each tool is designed to produce the ribbing of specific pitch and height, because the profile of a depression between the ribs fully copies the profile of the last knurl.
For refrigeration and cryogenic engineering, as well as for heat transfer tubes it is necessary to provide the ribs with depressions therebetween measuring tenths of a millimeter in width. The existing methods fail to produce such ribbing and technologically limit the provision of optimal parameters of heat exchange.
The heat transfer surfaces made in the form of tenons (e.g., projections) are more efficient than those shaped as ribs. Given evaporization heat exchange, it is expedient that cell-type surfaces be used which have deep depressions formed by curvilinear ridges. The provision of such reliefs presents a technological problem and is a fairly labour-consuming process.
Edge filters are of considerable current use. They represent a combination of ribs on one side of the filtering surface, the depressions between ribs communicating with the other side of the filtering surface. Today these filters are made in the form of a precast construction which makes medium and fine cleaning filters difficult to manufacture. On the whole, the provision of edge filters with a cleaning fineness of up to several micrometers presents a current technical problem.
Hardening and protective coatings of great thickness with preset properties are extensively used at friction points and joints and as means against corrosion. A higher efficiency of the processes of producing coatings and broader possibilities for managing their properties are a promising trend, enabling one to save critical alloyed steels and alloys.
The provision of a threaded profile on thin-walled tube blanks using current methods of providing threads with chip disposal results in a substantial loss of strength of the tube wall. This is because the tube wall is thinned down under the thread, and the current thread rolling methods require the use of special knurl or rolling equipment and costly tools. Each tool is designed to form only one type of thread of a specific pitch and profile depth.
Thus, there is a problem of developing a method allowing the use of standard metal cutting equipment and ordinary tools, enabling one to obtain threads of different profile, diameter, pitch and depth, given minimal wastes of the material being machined. There is also a problem of enhancing the efficiency of threading and improving the quality of thread while obtaining a thread profile using an ordinary cutter on high formable materials, e.g., copper and aluminium.
A method known in the art for producing screw ribs on tubes used in heat transfer devices is described in the article entitled "High Performance Heat Transfer Tube" by Y. Tanno, K. Ooizumi, in Tube International, page 51, March, 1987. The method described consists of undercutting the surface layers of the material with the aid of a cutter shaped tool, which leads to the deformation of the surface layers. The ribs are machined without producing cuttings. These ma
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Alexander Ovtchinnikov
Nikolai Zoubkov
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