Electrolysis: processes – compositions used therein – and methods – Electrolytic synthesis – Treating electrolyte or bath without removal from cell other...
Patent
1996-02-01
1997-10-21
Valentine, Donald R.
Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods
Electrolytic synthesis
Treating electrolyte or bath without removal from cell other...
205628, 204270, 204277, 204278, 204292, 44301, C25B 102, C25B 112, C25C 900
Patent
active
056792360
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention refers to a method, an apparatus and to a fuel mixture produced according to the method, as defined in the preambles of claims 1, 7, 19, 20 and 24, respectively.
BACKGROUND ART
A method and an apparatus of this type are already known from EP 0 495 506 A3 and DE 41 01 303 A1 of the applicant. Here liquid fuel and preferably low-nitrogen air and water are introduced into a chamber. At least one ultrasonic oscillator is disposed in this chamber such that the fuel fed into it surrounds the oscillator on all sides. Furthermore, a cavitation element in the form of a discus-shaped disk caused to rotate in operation, is disposed in this chamber. On actuation of the oscillator and the cavitation element and with the introduction of air and water into the chamber with at least the same pressure as the liquid fuel, the low-nitrogen air is dissolved in the fuel and the water introduced is at least partially decomposed into its component parts and dispersed in the fuel, forming a mixture of a foam-like consistency. Since here the components of this mixture are very thoroughly dispersed, a virtually complete combustion of the mixture is possible; i.e. pollutants are hardly detectable in the combustion products. This is particularly true for nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and noncombusted hydrocarbons such as soot.
According to the assumptions and previous research findings of the inventor, the starting materials introduced into the chamber are thereby decomposed and dissolved in one another as follows: The water introduced is decomposed by ultrasound and cavitation into the components hydrogen, oxygen, H.sub.2 O, H.sub.2 O.sub.2, as well as radicals of hydrogen, oxygen and OH. Hydrogen, oxygen and their radicals, as well as the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 lead to the cracking of the hydrocarbon chains of the fuel. Through the cracking of the hydrocarbon chains the radicals of hydrogen, oxygen and OH are valently bonded to cracked hydrocarbon chains. Remaining unbonded radicals, however, are highly reactive and can be very quickly reconverted to H.sub.2 O. The cavitation and the action of ultrasound on the fuel likewise effect a split-up of the hydrocarbon chains. In the mixture produced, molecular hydrogen and oxygen are further present and are also bonded to hydrocarbon chains. The molecular hydrogen and oxygen are embedded in extremely small quantities in oil droplets by the cavitation and are surrounded by a fine oil film.
What is in need of improvement in this known method is that after the cracking a relatively large amount of undecomposed H.sub.2 O and H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and many unbonded radicals are still present; moreover, the H.sub.2 O is very undesirable due to its radical-capturing property. To be sure, the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 present also decomposes hydrocarbon chains; however, it can also be very easily converted to acid, for instance H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, for which reason it is likewise undesirable. The hydrogen and oxygen molecules not bonded to hydrocarbon chains, i.e. not used for cracking, also recombine very easily back to H.sub.2 O, for which reason the mixture produced is very unstable and separates into water and carbon mixtures within a few hours.
Furthermore, the production of the mixture by means of the known method requires a large expenditure of time and energy, which should be reduced. In addition, the complete decomposition of several substances is not possible, so that these substances participate no further in the later combustion and merely hinder the reaction and diminish the efficiency. In the combustion of the known mixture, however, it is particularly advantageous that the hydrocarbon chains are very highly decomposed and the oxygen required for the combustion is likewise dissolved in the mixture in a very highly decomposed state, so that a previously unattained complete combustion and thus a previously unattained high efficiency can be achieved.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The object of the invention is to improve the known method according to the preamble of claim 1 in
REFERENCES:
patent: 4116610 (1978-09-01), Berthiaume
patent: 4218221 (1980-08-01), Cottell
patent: 4276131 (1981-06-01), Feuerman
patent: 4410333 (1983-10-01), Fujimoto
patent: 4599459 (1986-07-01), Hirose
patent: 5176809 (1993-01-01), Simuni
PPV Verwaltungs AG
Valentine Donald R.
LandOfFree
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