Surgery – Truss – Pad
Patent
1996-02-09
1997-12-02
Bahr, Jennifer
Surgery
Truss
Pad
128664, 356 39, A61B 5000
Patent
active
056925042
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention concerns a method and a device for analyzing glucose in a biological matrix.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The expression "biological matrix" denotes a body fluid or a tissue of a living organism. Biological matrices within the scope of the invention are optically heterogeneous, that is, they contain a large number of scattering centers scattering the irradiated light. In the case of biological tissue, especially skin tissue, the scattering centers are formed inter alia by cell walls and other optically heterogeneous components contained in the tissue.
Body fluids and in particular blood also are optically heterogeneous matrices because they contain particles at which the primary radiation is scattered in a multiple manner. Milk and other liquids tested in foodstuff chemistry contain a high concentration of scattering centers, for instance in the form of emulsified fat droplets.
Generally in the qualitative and quantitative analytical determination of components of such biological matrices reagents or systems of reagents are used which react with the particular component to generate a physically detectable change in the reaction solution such as a change in its color, that can be measured as a measurement quantity. Using standard samples of known concentrations for calibration, a correlation is ascertained between the values of the measurement quantities for different concentrations and the particular concentration.
While such procedures allow highly accurate and sensitive analyses, on the other hand they require that a liquid sample, especially a blood sample, is removed from the body for analysis ("invasive analysis"). Such sample-taking is unpleasant and painful, and entails some risk of infection.
This is especially the case when an illness requires frequent analysis. The most significant example is diabetes mellitus. To avoid serious secondary diseases and critical patient Condition, this illness requires frequent, even continuous monitoring of the blood glucose content.
Accordingly, a number of procedures and devices already have been suggested to determine, in-vivo, the amount of glucose in the blood, tissue or other biological matrices in a non-invasive manner.
A survey of physical-chemistry (reagent-free) in-vivo determinations of glucose is provided by J. D. Kruse-Jarres "Physicochemical determinations of glucose in vivo", J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 26 (1988), pp 201-208. Illustratively Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and infrared spectroscopy are cited as non-invasive procedures. However, none of these procedures have yet become practical. One reason is that exceedingly large and costly apparatus is required, which are wholly unsuited for routine analysis or for patient self-checking (home monitoring).
The present invention refers to a sub-set of such procedures wherein primary light is irradiated from a light source through a boundary surface bounding the biological matrix into this matrix and where light issuing through a boundary surface bounding said matrix is detected by a light sensor to ascertain a physical light property which is a function of its interaction with the biological matrix (without using reagents). The physical light property correlates with the glucose concentration in the biological matrix. Hereafter such a method step will be denoted as "detection step".
The physical light property correlated to the glucose concentration and determined (detected) in a detection step and which also may be denoted as "quantifiable parameter" will hereafter merely be called the "measurement quantity", for the sake of simplicity. However, this concept must not be construed as being limited to cases where the magnitude of the measurement quantity is measured in a common dimensional unit.
Because the methods discussed herein do not provide absolute measurements of glucose concentration, calibration will always be required (as in the conventional analytical procedures based on chemical reactions). For calibration generally the gl
REFERENCES:
patent: 4972331 (1990-11-01), Chance
patent: 5028787 (1991-07-01), Rosenthal et al.
patent: 5057695 (1991-10-01), Hirao et al.
patent: 5119815 (1992-06-01), Chance
patent: 5119819 (1992-06-01), Thomas et al.
patent: 5122974 (1992-06-01), Chance
patent: 5167230 (1992-12-01), Chance
patent: 5178142 (1993-01-01), Harjunmaa et al.
patent: 5179951 (1993-01-01), Knudson
patent: 5187672 (1993-02-01), Chance et al.
patent: 5551422 (1996-09-01), Simonsen et al.
"Proceedings of Photon Migration and Imaging in Random Media and Tissues", Progress in Biomedical Optics, SPIE, vol. 1888, Jan. 1993, pp.248-257.
International Publication No. WO92/15988 published Sep. 17, 1992.
International Publication No. WO92/15861 published Sep. 17, 1992.
International Publication No. WO93/00856 published Jan. 21, 1993.
International Publication No. WO89/01758 published Mar. 29, 1989.
International Publication No. WO91/17697 published Nov. 28, 1991.
International Publication No. WO93/11701 published Jun. 24, 1993.
McCormick et al., SPIE, "Noninvasive measurement of regional . . . ", vol. 1431, 1991, pp. 294-302.
Cote et al., IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, "Noninvasive Optical Polarimetric Glucose . . . ", vol. 39, No. 7, 1992, pp. 752-756.
Liu et al., Analytical Biochemistry, "Characterization of Absorption and Scattering . . . ", 213, 1993, pp. 378-385.
Chira et al., Biomed. Technik, "Light Scattering by Blood Components . . . ", vol. 35, 1990, pp. 102-106.
Lakowicz, Analytica Chimica Acta, "Optical sensing of glucose using . . . ", 271, 1993, pp. 155-164.
Kruse-Jarres, J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., "Physicochemical Determinations of Glucose in Vivo", vol. 26, 1988, pp. 201-208.
Laczko et al., American Institute of Physics, "2-GHz frequency-domaine fluorometer", 57 (10) Oct. 1986.
Lakowicz et al, Anal. Chim. Acta, "Optical Sensing of Glucose using . . . " 271, (1993) pp. 155-164.
Duncan et al., University College London, "A Multiwavelength, wideband, intensity modulated optical spectrometer . . . ".
Boecker Dirk
Essenpreis Matthias
Haar Hans-Peter
Hein Heinz-Michael
Bahr Jennifer
Boehringer Mannheim GmbH
Yarnell Bryan K.
LandOfFree
Method and apparatus for the analysis of glucose in a biological does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Method and apparatus for the analysis of glucose in a biological, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Method and apparatus for the analysis of glucose in a biological will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-794517