Gas separation – Means within gas stream for conducting concentrate to collector
Patent
1987-02-18
1988-02-23
Prunner, Kathleen J.
Gas separation
Means within gas stream for conducting concentrate to collector
55 13, 55121, 55135, 55138, 55141, 55151, 55154, B03C 312, B03C 349
Patent
active
047268140
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The apparatus in accordance with the invention may be described schematically as a combined electrostatic dust collector and a condensation cooler/separator, where the apparatus not only performs the customary functions, such as separating particles and recovering heat from a gas flow, but also permits cleaning the gas flow from pollutants in the gas phase, such as toxic solvents.
The inventive apparatus is suitable for separating polluted exhaust air from industrial furnaces and ovens, tenters, PVC curing lines etc., as well as for cleaning air from flue gases, from fungi and bacteria in plants producing antibiotics and other medicaments, for removing oil mist in machinery and acid mist in chemical process plants, and in plants of the latter kind where low grade waste heat is to be recovered. Electrostatic dust collectors are known, and are used to separate particulate pollutants from a gas flow. In its simplest form, the electrostatic dust collector consists of a vertical tube containing a concentrically placed electrically conductive wire insulated from the tube and carrying a DC voltage in the order of magnitude of 10-100 kV. A corona discharge occurs in the immediate vicinity of the wire, and the particles suspended in the gas flow are charged by ions in the gas, whereon they move towards the wall of the tube, to deposit themselves thereon. Liquid particles combine into droplets, which depart at the bottom of the tube. Solid particles may be removed by mechanical vibration or by mechanical scrapers. The disadvantages with the known electrostatic dust collectors are that they only permit the removal of particles already present in particle form, preferably dry particles. When the filter has to be cleaned, it has to be taken out of service, and the particle collectors, usually plates, have to be washed and sprayed. A disadvantage with electrostatic filters is thus that they do not permit the separation of pollutants having particles that are sticky or viscous to an extent where they will not leave the filter. Another disadvantage is that the filter must be taken out of service when it is to be cleaned, thus causing plant downtime.
Neither can electrostatic filters be used for separating pollutants in the gas phase. At present, for this purpose, there are used instead either activated carbon filters or so-called wet scrubbing plants. Post combustion of the gas flow containing the pollutants in the gaseous phase is also an alternative. Activated carbon filters are expensive in operation, inter alia because the carbon must be changed or regenerated. Wet scrubbing plant cools the gas flow and degrades its heat content, thus making such plant uninteresting from the heat recovery aspect. Post combustion of the gas flow is to be condemned from the energy aspect, since there is an increase in waste heat. Post combustion moreover requires costly investment in combustion plant and chimneys.
The present invention has the object of providing a method and apparatus which, while obviating the disadvantages in the prior art described above, permit the recovery of heat and the removal of both sticky and gaseous pollutants from a heated gas flow. The salient features characterizing the invention will be seen from the accompanying claims. An embodiment of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, on which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the inventive apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the apparatus in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the apparatus in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan of the apparatus in FIG. 1.
In a perspective view, FIG. 1 illustrates the apparatus in accordance with the invention in its main parts, which are a heat exchanger 1, and three emission electrode means 2, 3, 4 arranged consecutively inside the heat exchanger. The incoming, heated and polluted gas flow enters at one end surface of the heat exchanger, as illustrated by the arrow A, and departs via the opposite end surface, where the arrow B denotes the cleaned and cooled gas flow. Th
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patent: 3026964 (1962-03-01), Penney
patent: 4092134 (1978-05-01), Kikuchi
patent: 4431434 (1984-02-01), Rinard et al.
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