Electrical computers and digital processing systems: multicomput – Computer-to-computer protocol implementing
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-29
2004-11-23
Winder, Patrice (Department: 2155)
Electrical computers and digital processing systems: multicomput
Computer-to-computer protocol implementing
C709S203000, C709S229000, C370S475000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06823393
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to computer networks, and more particularly to a method and system for setting the value of the Type of Service (TOS) field of an IP datagram according to the Application Level protocol used by Socks data in an end user workstation attached to an Internet Protocol (IP) network.
2. Description of the Related Art
Internet
The Internet is a global network of computers and computers networks (the “Net”). The Internet connects computers that use a variety of different operating systems or languages, including UNIX, DOS, Windows, Macintosh, and others. To facilitate and allow the communication among these various systems and languages, the Internet uses a language referred to as TCP/IP (“Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol”). TCP/IP protocol supports three basic applications on the Internet:
(1) transmitting and receiving electronic mail,
(2) logging into remote computers (the “Telnet”), and
(3) transferring files and programs from one computer to another (“FTP” or “File Transfer Protocol”).
TCP/IP
The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol suite is used to establish an interconnection of networks that provide universal communication services: an internetwork, or internet. Each physical network has its own technology dependent communication interface (in the form of a programming interface) that provides basic communication functions between the physical network and the user applications. The architecture of the physical networks is hidden from the user. TCP/IP also provides interconnection between different physical networks to form what appears to the user to be one large network.
TCP is a transport layer protocol providing end-to-end data transfer and is responsible for providing a reliable exchange of information between networked computer systems. Multiple applications can be supported simultaneously over one TCP connection between two computer systems.
IP is an internetwork layer protocol hiding the physical network architecture bellow it. Part of the communicating messages between computers is a routing function that ensures that messages will be correctly directed within the network to be delivered to their destination. IP provides this routing function. An IP message is called an IP datagram.
Application Level protocols are utilized in addition to TCP/IP to transfer user and application data from a computer system to a destination computer system. Examples of such Application Level protocols include File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet, Gopher, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
IP Router
A “router” is a computer that interconnects two networks and forwards messages from one network to the other. Routers select the best transmission path between networks utilizing the IP layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack, such that any host (or computer) or workstation running TCP/IP over more than one interface could, in-theory, forward messages between networks. Because IP implements basic routing functions, the term “IP router” is often used. However, dedicated network hardware routers can provide more sophisticated routing functions than the minimum functions implemented in IP.
World Wide Web
With the increasing size and complexity of the Internet, tools that are often called navigators or navigation systems have been developed to help find information on the network. Navigation systems include standards such as Archie, Gopher and, most well-known, the World Wide Web (“WWW” or “the Web”). In addition to serving as an Internet-based navigation system, the Web is also an information distribution and management system for the Internet. The Web provides an end user with a seamlessly integrated format of information, including still images, text, audio and video. A user on the Web using a graphical user interface may transparently communicate with different host computers on the system, different system applications, and different information formats for files and documents including text, sound, and graphics.
Hypermedia
The Web uses hypertext and hypermedia. Hypertext is a subset of hypermedia and refers to computer-based “documents” in which readers move from one place to another in a document, or to another document, in a non-linear manner. To accomplish this, the Web uses a client-server architecture. Web servers enable a user to access hypertext and hypermedia information through the Web and the user's computer. (The user's computer is referred to as a client computer of the Web server computers.) Clients send requests to Web servers, which react, search, and respond. The Web allows client application software to request and receive hypermedia documents (including formatted text, audio, video and graphics) with hypertext link capabilities to other hypermedia documents, from a Web file server. The Web, thus, can be viewed as a collection of document files residing on Web host computers that are interconnected by hyperlinks using networking protocols, forming a virtual “web” that spans the Internet.
Uniform Resource Locations
A resource of the Internet is unambiguously identified by a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which is a pointer to a particular resource at a particular location. A URL specifies the protocol used to access a server (e.g. HTTP, FTP, . . . ), the name of the server, and the location of a file on that server.
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Each Web page that appears on client monitors of the Web may appear as a complex document that integrates, for example, text, images, sounds and animation. Each such page may also contain hyperlinks to other Web documents so that a user at a client computer using a mouse may click on icons and may activate hyperlink jumps to a new page (which is a graphical representation of another document file) on the same or a different Web server.
A Web server is a software program on a Web host computer that answers requests from Web clients, typically over the Internet. All Web servers use a Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to communicate with Web clients. All types of data can be exchanged among Web servers and clients using HTTP, including Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), graphics, sound and video. HTML describes the layout, contents and hyperlinks of the documents and pages. When browsing, a Web client converts user specified commands into HTTP GET requests, connects to the appropriate Web server to retrieve information, and waits for a response. The response from the server can be the requested document or an error message.
Browser
A Web client is also referred to as a Web browser, since it in fact browses documents retrieved from the Web server. After receiving data from a server, a Web client formats and presents the data or activates an ancillary application such a sound player to present the data. To do this, the server or the client identifies the various types of data received.
Intranet
Some companies use a mechanism similar to the Web to communicate inside their own corporation. Such a mechanism is called an “Intranet”. These companies use the same networking/transport protocols and locally based Web servers to provide access to vast amount of corporate information in a cohesive fashion. As this data may be private to the corporation, and because the members of the company still require access to public Web information, they protect the access to their network by using a special protective system called a “firewall”.
Firewall
A Firewall protects one or more intranet computers having Internet connections from access by external computers connected to the Internet. A firewall is a network configuration, usually created by hardware and software, that forms a boundary between networked computers within the firewall from those outside the firewall. The computers within a firewall form a secure sub-network with internal access capabilities and shared resources not available to outside computers.
Access to both internal and external computers is often controlled by a single machine comprising the firewall. Sin
Duong Oanh
McConnell Daniel E.
Pivnichny John R.
Winder Patrice
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