Optical: systems and elements – Optical modulator – Light wave temporal modulation
Reexamination Certificate
2002-05-06
2004-06-15
Sugarman, Scott J. (Department: 2873)
Optical: systems and elements
Optical modulator
Light wave temporal modulation
C359S251000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06751002
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The field of invention relates to optical communication devices in general; and, more specifically, to optical polarization modulators and compensators.
BACKGROUND
There are various methods to transmit information in fiber-optic communication systems. Some optical communication systems use state of polarization (SOP) modulation to transfer information. In a typical optical SOP system, a polarization modulator is used to control the SOP of an optical signal (i.e., a laser beam) by changing the phase and amplitudes of the optical signal's TE (transverse electrical) and TM (transverse magnetic) components (these components also referred to herein as the TE and TM components). The SOP can be used to achieve multi-level transmission (i.e., where each SOP can represent the value of multiple bits). SOP-based optical communication systems can be substantially insensitive to some nonlinear fiber effects, such as self-phase modulation and polarization dependent gain in some EDFAs (Erbium doped fiber amplifiers).
Some polarization modulators use the thermo-optic effect to modulate the SOP. However, the speed of these thermo-optic based polarization modulators and compensators is relatively slow with typical symbol rates in the kHz range.
Other polarization modulators use Lithium Niobate (LiNbO
3
) devices, which provide greater symbol rate, but are relatively high in cost, form factor, and difficulty in implementing in an integrated circuit device.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5111517 (1992-05-01), Riviere
patent: 5227715 (1993-07-01), Ito et al.
patent: 5661825 (1997-08-01), Van Dam et al.
patent: 5838844 (1998-11-01), Van Dam et al.
patent: 5933554 (1999-08-01), Leuthold et al.
patent: 6370308 (2002-04-01), Nakazawa et al.
patent: 6374002 (2002-04-01), Shekel et al.
patent: 2002/0051601 (2002-05-01), Hung
patent: 2002/0089711 (2002-07-01), Conzone et al.
patent: 2002/0191886 (2002-12-01), Castoldi et al.
patent: 2003/0002767 (2003-01-01), Hanneman, Jr.
“Integrated TE- and TM-pass polarizers”, Applied Physics / Integrated Optics: TE- and TM- pass polarizers in lithium niobate, Sep. 3, 1998, http://fb6www.uni-paderborn.de/ag/ag-sol/research/acousto/polari.htm.
Ranalli, E.R., et al., “Narrow Bandwidth Electrooptic Polarization Modulator Using GaAs Quantum-Well Waveguides”, IEE Photonics Technology Letter, Apr. 1999, pp. 320-323, vol. 3 No. 4.
Benedetto, S., et al., “Multilevel Polarization Modulation Using a Specifically Designed LiNbO3Device”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Aug. 1994, pp 949-951, vol. 6 No. 8.
Saida, Takashi , et al., “Planar Lightwave Circuit Polarization Mode Dispersion Compensator”, ECOC 2001 paper Mo.F.2.5.
Rajarajan, Muttukrishnan ,et al., “Accurate Analysis of MMI Devices with Two-Dimensional Confinement”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Sep. 1996, pp. 2078-2084, vol. 14 No. 9.
Lorenzo, R.M., et al., “Improved self-imaging characteristics in 1×N multimode couplers”, IEEE Proc.-Optoelectron, Feb. 1998, pp. 65-69, vol. 145 No. 1.
Kareenahalli, S., et al., “Experimental Confirmation of Phase Relationships of Multimode Interference Splitters Using a Shearing-Type Near-Field Sagnac Interferometer”, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Jul. 1997, pp. 937-939, vol. 9. No. 7.
Rasmussen, T., “Design and Performance Evaluation of 1-by-64 Multimode Interference Power Splitter for Optical Communications”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Oct. 1995, pp. 2069-2074, vol. 13 No. 10.
Bachmann, M., et al., “General self-imaging properties in N×N multimode interference couplers including phase relations”, Applied Optics, Jun. 20, 1994, pp. 3905-3911, vol. 33 No. 18.
Smit, Meint, K., et al., “PHASAR-Based WDM-Devices: Principles, Design and Applications”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantam Electronics, Jun. 1996, pp. 236-250, vol. 2 No. 2.
Soldano, Lucas B., et al., “Optical Multi-Mode Interference Devices Based on Self-Imaging: Principles and Applications”, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Apr. 1995, pp. 615-627, vol. 13 No. 4.
Erdogan, Turan, “Fiber Grating Spectra,” IEEE, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Aug. 1997, pp. 1277-1294, vol. 15, No. 8.
Giles, C.R., “Lightwave Applications of Fiber Bragg Gratings,” Journal of Lightwave Technology, Aug. 1997, pp. 1391-1404, vol. 15, No. 8.
Hill, Kenneth O. et al., “Fiber Bragg Grating Technology Fundamentals and Overview,” IEEE, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Aug. 1997, pp. 1263-1276, vol. 15, No. 8.
Studenkov, P.V. et al., “Asymmetric Twin-Waveguide 1.55&mgr; Wavelength Laser with a Distributed Bragg Reflector,”, IEEE, Photonics Technology Letters, May 2000, pp. 468-470, vol. 12, No. 5.
Sugden, K. et al., “Fabrication and Characterization of Bandpass Filters Based on Concatenated Chirped Fiber Gratings,” IEEE, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Aug. 1997, pp. 1424-1432, vol. 15, No. 8.
Willner, A.E., “Tunable Compensation of Channel Degrading Effects Using Nonlinearly Chirped Passive Fiber Bragg Gratings,” IEEE, Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Sep./Oct. 1999, pp. 1298-1311, vol. 5, No. 5.
Liu Ansheng
Nicolaescu Remus
Ovadia Shlomo
Hanig Richard
Sugarman Scott J.
LandOfFree
Method and apparatus for semiconductor-based integrated... does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Method and apparatus for semiconductor-based integrated..., we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Method and apparatus for semiconductor-based integrated... will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-3351445