Fuel and related compositions – Particulate
Patent
1990-10-03
1993-03-16
Chaudhuri, Olik
Fuel and related compositions
Particulate
201 8, 201 33, 201 35, 201 39, 202228, 202136, 202131, 202 83, C10B 3902
Patent
active
051940698
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for refinement of organic material. More specifically, the present invention relates to converting and processing of organic material, with or without organic and inorganic additions. The base material utilized is waste from other production, e.g. from the forest industry or slaughter-house waste. The invention provides for refinement of the waste material into directly useful or packeted end product where the waste is produced. The invention comprises carbonization of the waste material into carbon powder, and subsequent treatment of the carbon powder into various forms. The invention specifically produces carbon powder/granulate as fuel, charcoal for grilling/smoking, active coal, additives for steel production etc.
State of the Art
Various carbonization and charcoal burning methods have been known for a long time. The problem is to find a method which can be carried out to a lower cost, since the waste material has a very short range of action, i.e., it is not worthwhile to transport the waste material a longer distance than e.g. 50 km. On the other hand, coal from coal mines is contaminated by sulphides and thus requires expensive purification by filters etc.
The present invention provides a dynamic system which can be transported to the origin of the waste material and which at low cost refines the organic material. Thus, organic materials, such as agricultural, forest and slaughterhouse waste, can be used, which materials are not contaminated by undesired substances.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of refinement of organic material characterized by the steps of:
feeding finely divided base material of organic origin into a closed reactor;
decomposing the base material into carbon powder and reaction fluids by carbonization in said reactor;
cooling the carbon powder; and
forming the carbon powder to the desired particle size.
Advantageously the cooling step further includes additional treatment of carbon powder, such as mixing with organic and/or inorganic materials in order to produce various end products. The invention is especially intended for producing charcoal for grilling/smoking, active coal and carbon powder/granulate as fuel.
The invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exemplary apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a more detailed embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are different views of the reactor of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a heating chamber;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are elevation and plan views, respectively, of a first embodiment of a cooling unit according to the invention;
FIG. 7C is a sectional view of the cooling unit of FIGS. 7A and 7B; and
FIGS. 8A and 8B are elevation and plan views, respectively, of a second embodiment of a cooling unit according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The term refinement, as used herein, refers to conversion and processing of the chemical, biological and physical structure of the organic material (the biomass, carbon compounds), with or without organic or inorganic additions. The intention is to use excess and waste biomaterial and to obtain new end products by multiplicative process effect. Suitable base materials are most organic materials but the most optimal are: air-moist wood, forest fuel or energy wood, chips, peat, oilshale, dried animal debris, straw etc. By supplying heat energy at a low pressure, which promotes the decomposition of the material, the conversion process is effected, with or without additions, whereupon, in dependence of the structure of the biomass, such as energy content, microstructure, elemental analysis, microsystems, main and by-products are formed in different stages. The
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Briquetting by Stillman, p. 4; Chem. Publishing Co. 1923.
Chaudhuri Olik
Nuzzolillo M.
Productcontrol Limited
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