Method and apparatus for reduction of light intensity decay in o

Oscillators – Molecular or particle resonant type

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331 3, H01S 106, H03L 726

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054574307

ABSTRACT:
Optical pumping devices use light reflected from reflecting surfaces to provide a portion of the light incident on the photodetector. Conventional optical pumping devices experience a decay, over time, of the initial light intensity incident on the photodetector. The optical pumping device of the invention experiences reduced light intensity decay. The invention passivates the reflecting surfaces to eliminate tarnish and oxidation by pretarnishing the surfaces or covering the surfaces with a material whose reflectivity does not vary over time, such as gold.

REFERENCES:
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patent: 4661782 (1987-04-01), Weidemann
patent: 4953148 (1990-08-01), Lepek et al.
Influence of Modulation Frequency in Rubidium Cell Frequency Standards by C. Audoin, J. Viennet, N. Cyr and J. Vanier Undated Paper, pp. 87-111.
"Tarnishing of Silver by Sulfur Vapor: Film Characteristics and Humidity Effects" by B. T. Reagor and J. D. Sinclair, Solid-State Science and Technology, Mar. 1981. pp. 701-705.
"Formation and Growth of Tarnish on Evaporated Silver Films" by H. E. Bennett, R. L. Peck, D. K. Burge and J. M. Bennett, Journal of Applied Physics, Jul. 1969. pp. 3351-3360.
"Tarnishing of Silver by Organic Sulfur Vapors: Rates and Film Characteristics" by J. D. Sinclair, Electrochemical Science and Technology, Jan. 1982. pp. 33-40.
"Optical Constants of Silver Sulfide Tarnish Films" by J. M. Bennett, J. L. Stanford and E. J. Ashley, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Feb. 1970. pp. 224-232.
"Subminiature Subidium Oscillator Model FRS" Description and Operation Manual, Chapter 3, by Ball Efratom Division, 1989.
EG&G Model RFS-10 Atomic Rubidium Frequency Standard photographs, 10 pages by Ball Efratom Division.
NEC Neatomic Rb-3200 Rubidium Frequency Standard photographs, 5 pages by Ball Efratom Division.

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