Method and apparatus for reducing electroporation-mediated...

Surgery: light – thermal – and electrical application – Light – thermal – and electrical application – Electrical therapeutic systems

Reexamination Certificate

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Reexamination Certificate

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07054685

ABSTRACT:
A method for delivery of an agent to a cell using electroporation is disclosed. The method includes positioning a first electrode and a second electrode such that an electrical signal passed between the first electrode and the second electrode passes through the cell. The method also includes passing an electrical signal between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrical signal having a frequency greater than about 10 kHz. In one embodiment of the method, the electrical signal has a bipolar waveform. In another embodiment of the method, the electrodes are positioned at a treatment site, e.g., a tumor, for in vivo delivery of an agent.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4822470 (1989-04-01), Chang
patent: 4970154 (1990-11-01), Chang
patent: 5273525 (1993-12-01), Hofmann
patent: 5865787 (1999-02-01), Shapland et al.
Daskalov et al., “Exploring New Instrumentation Parameters for Electrochemotherapy:Attacking Tumors with Bursts of Biphasic Pulses Instead of Single Pulses,” IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology,pp. 62-64 (Jan./Feb. 1999).
M. Prausnitz, “The effects of electric current applied to skin: A review for transdermal drug delivery,”Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,18:395-425 (1996).

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