Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Processes of treating materials by wave energy
Patent
1994-03-04
1995-04-04
Niebling, John
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Processes of treating materials by wave energy
20415312, 204403, 204409, 204412, 204434, 435 71, 435 78, 435 793, G01N 2726
Patent
active
054034515
ABSTRACT:
In a first embodiment, a target analyte in solution is detected by exposing the solution to an electrode that includes a conducting electroactive polymer to which a periodic alternating voltage is coupled. Upon exposure to the analyte, an electrode characteristic is varied, which variation is detected by measuring electrode current as a function of time and as a function of the periodic alternating voltage. The alternating voltage waveform has an oxidizing time period and a reduction time period, which periods and waveform duty cycle may be controlled to enhance electrode sensitivity, selectivity, and to substantially eliminate electrode fouling and data hysteresis. In a second embodiment, a receptor is bound to the electrode, to which is coupled an alternating voltage waveform that permits a mating target substance to reversibly bind to the receptor such that measurement of electrode current provides a measure of such reversible binding. The second embodiment is especially useful for detecting antibodies, antigens, haptens, DNA, RNA, and enzymes. Either embodiment may be used for detection in flow-through electrochemical cells, flow injection analysis, liquid, and ion chromatography, as well as in capillary electrophoresis.
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Riviello John M.
Sadik Omowunmi A.
Wallace Gordon
Bell Bruce F.
Niebling John
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