Method and apparatus for producing negative ions

Details Method and apparatus for producing negative ions Method and apparatus for producing negative ions

1979-11-29

1981-11-03

Anderson, Bruce C.

Radiant energy

Ion generation

Field ionization type

3133631, H01J 2700

Patent

active

042987989

ABSTRACT:
A method and apparatus are described for producing negative deuterium ions for use in controlled thermonuclear reactions such as fusion. Negative ions are obtained by bombarding the surface of an ionization electrode with positive ions and extracting negative ions from the electrode. The unique surface layer of the electrode is formed by depositing onto a substrate the products of thermal decomposition of cesium carbonate. This layer, which is easily formed and renewed, is characterized by a very low value of work function of about 1.05 electron volts, which facilitates formation of large quantities of negative ions. Properties of the surface layer, particularly the low value of work function, are reproducible and relatively insensitive to variations in the thickness of the layer and to the substrate material selected for the electrode.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4093858 (1978-06-01), Kobayashi et al.
"D Production by Backscattering from Clean Alkali-Metal Surfaces", Schneider et al., Proceedings of the Symposium of Production and Neutralization of Negative Hydrogen Ions & Beams, Sep. 1977, pp. 63-69.
"Low-Work-Function Surfaces Produced by CS.sub.2 CO.sub.3 Decomposition", Brieve et al., J. of Applied Physics, vol. 48, No. 8, Aug. 77, pp. 3547-3550.
"Negative D-Ion Source", NASA Tech. Brief, NTN 78/0633, NPO-14113.

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