Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment – Containment – Solidification – vitrification – or cementation
Patent
1995-08-11
1999-02-02
Lewis, Michael L.
Hazardous or toxic waste destruction or containment
Containment
Solidification, vitrification, or cementation
588256, 588257, 106624, 106697, A62D 300, B09D 300
Patent
active
058667547
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method and to apparatus for processing and recovering waste material by transforming it into material which is non-polluting and reusable.
The technical field of the invention is that of making equipment for processing waste in order to avoid storing it in landfills under conditions that are more or less well controlled.
Thus, one of the main applications of the invention is processing solid or liquid waste whether of household, hospital, or industrial origin, in order to obtain particles that are usable in various building and/or civil engineering materials, while satisfying all non-pollution criteria and standards for protecting people and the environment.
Numerous methods and equipments are known that attempt to solve the problem of processing waste to avoid developing landfills which, in addition to spoiling the appearance of the countryside, are also major sources of pollution; waste is becoming more and more abundant, and even storing it in landfills is expensive.
The ever-increasing cost of this type of waste "disposal" together with the fact that landfill sites are becoming full to overflowing, make it necessary to find some other solution.
In the near future, industrialized countries are thus going to be constrained to take measures that seek to protect the environment; landfills as we now know them in which residues of all kinds are allowed to accumulate will have to be phased out in favor of processing centers.
At present, 65% of waste is thus dumped without transformation in landfills, while the remaining 45% is processed.
There are three categories of processing family, not including composting which nevertheless applies to about 10% of waste but which does not actually process it.
(1) Incineration which is the only method to be genuinely industrialized at present on a large scale, and which processes 35% of waste. However it does not make true utilization of the waste possible, even if it is possible to recover heat that can be used in urban or community heating: in addition, that method generates both atmospheric pollution by exhausting toxic gases, and also combustion by-products that still need to be stored and that are also dangerous, over time.
(2) Anaerobic fermentation of organic matter in liquid form, in particular household refuse, but only a few units are presently in operation. This method makes it possible firstly to produce a methane-rich fuel gas, and secondly to recover particulate solids which, once dried, provide fuel material, together with digested matter which can be used as fertilizer.
In this category, mention may be made of patent application FR 2 577 940 published on Aug. 29, 1986 and patent application FR 2 551 457 published on Mar. 8, 1985 filed jointly by the firms UIE and VALORGA, and by Mr. DUCELLIER and Mr. PAVIA, which applications relate to methods and installations for degrading products, by-products, and organic waste under anaerobic conditions.
Unfortunately, that family of methods requires an installation that is large (a digester or fermenter having a minimum volume of 3000 m.sup.3), which is quite complex, which needs to withstand corrosion, and which needs energy and additives to be fed thereto and also equipments for recovering and storing gas; in addition, it is not possible to treat all types of waste therein so this type of processing is experiencing difficulty in being developed.
(3) Accelerated mineralization by chemical reaction using quicklime, essentially to destroy organic matter, and various processing additives such as heating, adding other reagents, grinding, and compacting in order to obtain a residue that is theoretically reusable.
Various types of method have been investigated in this category of processing, and some constitute the subject matter of patent applications such as FR 2 472 421 published on Jul. 3, 1981 and filed by Mr. GERONIMO, FR 2 583 742 of Dec. 26, 1986, by LOMA FINANCE, and EP 427 899 of May 22, 1981 by the Swiss company GOMACRIS, all three of those applications mentioning Mr. BIEZ as
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Bommelaer Jean
De Blangy Gerard
De Blangy Gerard
DiMauro Peter
Lewis Michael L.
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