Telecommunications – Transmitter and receiver at separate stations – Distortion – noise – or other interference prevention,...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-12
2002-10-29
Trost, William (Department: 2683)
Telecommunications
Transmitter and receiver at separate stations
Distortion, noise, or other interference prevention,...
C455S039000, C455S067150, C455S115200, C455S012100, C455S427000, C370S241000, C370S468000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06473597
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to the analysis, design and planning of telecommunications systems. In particular, the invention relates to a method and apparatus to model the bandwidth of a transmitter in a telecommunications link to automatically scale the transmitter bandwidth to take account of variations in its data rate and modulation type.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The optimal functioning of a transmitter in a telecommunications system depends upon, among other things, the suitability of the bandwidth of the transmitted signal to its data rate and modulation type. In an analysis of communications links, an incorrect setting of the transmitting bandwidth can lead to erroneous conclusions about transmitter power or receiver requirements. If the transmitter has the bandwidth set too wide, part of the signal will be missed by the receiver causing high bit error rates; if the transmitter bandwidth is too narrow, the receiver will unnecessarily expend resources amplifying and processing noise from the remainder of the transmitter's bandwidth.
In a computer analysis of the communications link between a satellite receiver and a ground transmitter, it may be important to determine how much transmitter power is needed to achieve a given bit error rate. If the bandwidth setting for the transmitter is incorrect, the predicted power requirement may be too low, in which case the communications system may fail because of insufficient power. In contrast, if the predicted power requirement is too high, the transmitter may be burdened with unnecessary weight or shorter operating times resulting from a more powerful transmitter being used.
Alternately, a new Earth Resource satellite, whose mission requires it to transmit a given number of pictures daily to ground-based receivers is to be built. This requires achieving a given data rate, which, in conjunction with the transmitter's modulation type, would determine the optimal bandwidth for the transmitter.
In a computer analysis of these cases, it is desirable to be able to modify and test various transmitter parameters in order to arrive at the most efficient and economical configuration. However, changes in these parameters—e.g., in the modulation type—require corresponding changes in the transmitting bandwidth. If the latter changes are not made, the analysis will result in errors with potentially expensive consequences. If a satellite with insufficient transmitter power is launched, the error cannot be corrected and the satellite will be useless for its intended purpose.
In a communications link analysis without the present invention, it is necessary to adjust the transmitter's bandwidth setting each time there is a change in the transmitter parameters affecting bandwidth ratio. This approach is time consuming and does not allow a wide range of receiver parameters to be tested. More seriously, reliance on such an approach entails a significant risk of error.
To overcome the shortcomings of the above approach, a method and apparatus are needed that will adjust the bandwidth setting of the transmitter in a computer analysis of communications links automatically taking into account the changes in parameters affecting bandwidth ratio. Such a method and apparatus will provide the user with a bandwidth autoscaling option that can be used in lieu of setting the transmitting bandwidth manually. The autoscaling capability would take into account such transmitter parameters as data rate and modulation type, and set the transmitting bandwidth to the correct frequency range, thereby allowing design of the optimal receiver.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus to ensure that a transmitter is set to the correct bandwidth, given its data rate and modulation type.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide method and apparatus to ensure that a transmitter in a computer analysis of telecommunications links among satellites, or between satellites and Earth stations, is set to the correct bandwidth, given its data rate and modulation type.
It is a further objective of the present invention to allow transmitter parameters to be modeled graphically to provide visual feedback to the designer of the parameters chosen.
It is yet another objective of the present invention to provide visual feedback to the designer, in animated form, showing the performance of the receiver and transmitter combination specified.
It is a further objective of the present invention to provide an auto scaling function whereby the correct parameters of the transmitter are created automatically based upon the characteristics of the transmitter in question and other system component characteristics.
In its preferred embodiment, the present invention is a feature of a communications module integrated into an existing computer program for satellite systems analysis. The present invention allows the user to model a satellite systems analysis scenario by using a graphical user interface to specify basic and graphics properties of objects in the scenario (such as satellites, facilities, sensors, targets, etc,) and imposing constraints on those objects. The program presents an animated visual display of the scenario (on a world map window) and provides analysis results in the form of reports and graphs. The communications module adds two further types of objects—receivers and transmitters—to the program and allows the user to model their properties, behavior and limitations.
When analyzing potential receiver/transmitter combinations, the user specifies the basic properties of a transmitter such as bandwidth. The user can set the bandwidth of the transmitter manually or select the Auto Scale option. If the Auto Scale option is selected, the bandwidth of the transmitter is determined automatically by multiplying its data rate by the modulation-specific spectrum efficiency ratio. The spectrum ratio is the required bandwidth per bit per second, given, e.g., in Hz/bps. Thus, the link between each receiver and the transmitter is analyzed as if the transmitter were set for the bandwidth most appropriate to its settings for data rate and modulation type. As a result, one transmitter object in the scenario will have varying bandwidth settings, depending on its settings for data rate and modulation type. This auto scaling ability not only speeds the analysis process, but also eliminates human error.
The present invention operates in on an IBM PC or compatible having at least a Pentium processor with 16 MB of RAM (32 MB recommended) and 220 MB of Disk space. The present invention will also operate on various UNIX platforms such as the Sun/Solaris 2.5, Hewlett Packard UX 10.20, Silicon Graphics IRIX 6.3, DEC Unix 4.0 and higher, and IBM AIX 4.2. The present invention also comprises input and output means so that data can be input to the program specifying the transmitter parameters. The typical input means is a keyboard although other input means such as mouse and voice input are also contemplated.
As previously noted, the output to the analyst can be in the form of a video display including animated maps, reports and graphs, and/or in the form of hard copy. Such hard copy output also includes printouts of maps, reports and graphs.
The equipment of the present invention also comprises logic whereby the scaling of the transmitter based upon the characteristics that affect bandwidth can take place. For example, a database of modulation types is present together with an associated scaling factor. This is used in conjunction with the input of a data rate to calculate the bandwidth necessary for the transmitter.
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patent: 5457811 (1995-10-01), Lemson
patent: 5479447 (1995-12-01), Chow et al.
patent: 5548539 (1996-08-01), V
Milord Marceau
Trost William
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