Surgery – Diagnostic testing
Patent
1997-05-13
1998-10-06
Lacyk, John P.
Surgery
Diagnostic testing
G06F 1500
Patent
active
058170065
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This application is the national phase of international application PCT/SE95/00806, filed Jun. 29, 1995 which designated the U.S.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to a measuring device for the simultaneous measurement of the rate of eating behavior and the associated perception of satiety in a measuring object during the ingestion of food.
DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
There is a long-standing need to control food intake and body weight, because overweight and obesity, for instance, are serious health problems. Given this starting point it is of considerable importance to develop methods for the measuring of eating behavior and the experience of satiety.
Rate of ingestive behaviour
Ingestive behavior has been studied by Kissileff et al. (Kissileff H R, Klingsberg G, Van Itallie T B (1980), "Universal eating monitor for continuous recording of solid or liquid consumption in man", American Journal of Physiology 283: R14-R22), who used a plate placed on a scale, that was lowered in the surface of a table and connected to a computer. During a meal, the computer recorded the weight reduction of the plate from which the food was eaten. Using this method, the rate of ingestion could be estimated. It was concluded that eating rate is stable within individuals and variable between individuals. Kissileff et al. (Kissileff H R, Thornton J, Becker E (1982), "A quadratic equation adequately describes the cumulative food intake curve in man", Appetite 3:255-272), suggested that eating rate in man, measured with the above procedure, can be described using a quadratic function. No alternatives have been suggested. There is, however, no biological support or foundation for the hypothesized quadratic function. That is to say, there is no biological factor that controls the rate of ingestion such that, during a meal, the rate of ingestion can be described by a quadratic function, because of the variation in the biological factor. Measuring the rate of ingestion is of considerable importance, in as much as alteration in this rate may be causally related to the development of obesity (Hetherington M, Rolls B (1987) "Methods of investigating human eating behavior. In: Toates F M, Rowlands N E (eds.): "Eating and Drinking", pp 77-109, Elsevier; Amsterdam).
Satiety
There is, however, an equally large interest in measuring and controlling satiety. A change in the perception of satiety can also be the reason for developing obesity. Conventionally, the person participating in an experiment is asked to estimate her/his satiety before and after a meal utilizing a visual analog scale, that is to say the person uses paper and pen to note how intense, on a continuum from low to high, she/he experiences her/his level of satiety.
Psychophysical studies of the subjective estimation of work load have been performed by Borg (Borg G (1982), "A category scale with ratio properties for intermodal and interindividual comparisons", In: Greissler H-G, Petzold Y M (eds): "Psychophysical Judgement and the Process of Perception", pp 25-34, Springer Verlag: Berlin). Borg constructed a scale, that generates data on the level of an interval scale, that is to say a scale with equal steps. At the same time as the person participating in an experiment eats from her/his plate, placed on the scale as described above, this judgement scale is displayed on a monitor. According to this scale the level of satiety can vary from very weak, which is equivalent to 0-0.5, to very strong, which is equivalent to 10.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSED INVENTION
The present invention is based on an alternative and a further development of the measurement of eating rate, in that different rates of ingestion correspond to a biologically determined degree of satiety. Eating rate is measured utilizing the variables (weight of food, time) and for the quantification of satiety the interval scale of Borg is used. The invention makes use of reference standards (standard curves or curves of normality), obtained from research on healthy individuals. These curves ref
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Kissileff et al., Universal eating monitor for continuous recording of solid . . . in man, The American Physiological Society, 1980, pp. R14-R22.
Kissileff et al., A quadratic Equation Adequately Describes . . . in Man, Appetite: Journal for Intake Research, 1982, 3, 255-272.
Hetherington et al., Methods of Investigating Human Eating Behavior, Feeding and Drinking, 1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division), Chapter 4, pp. 77-109.
Borg, Scale With Radio Properties For Intermodel and . . . , Psychophysical Judgment and the Process of Perception, Berlin; VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenchaffen, 1982.
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Bergh Cecilia H.
Ekelund St.ang.le F.
Soderstein Per H.
Cecilia Bergh
Gilbert Samuel
Lacyk John P.
Per Sodersten
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