Method and apparatus for making a foundation by creating a block

Details Method and apparatus for making a foundation by creating a block Method and apparatus for making a foundation by creating a block

1989-06-21

1991-06-25

Corbin, David H.

Hydraulic and earth engineering

Foundation

52162, 405232, E02D 2728

Patent

active

050262130

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for making a foundation by creating a block constituted by the ground itself.
The technical field of the invention is foundations for structures on the surface such as electricity pylons, antennas, or other similar structures.
At present, such structures are anchored to the ground by means of foundations which are generally constituted by means of blocks made of concrete, reinforced concrete, or prestressed concrete. Another way of making such foundations is to provide anchor points by means of piles or groups of driven piles.
The types of foundation used industrially are based on the following techniques:
Either foundations are made which are massive, e.g. constituted by a block of concrete, in the ground or below ground surface. When the block is not buried below ground surface, then the traction force applied to such a block must be less than the weight of the foundation if it is to remain effective.
If the block is buried underground, then the traction force must remain less than the sum of the following: the weight of the block itself, the weight of the earth above the block, the resultant of lateral friction forces on the block, and suction on the block. With a buried block, it is observed that a major drawback, namely breaking of the concrete block itself may occur if the following situation arises: the traction force on the concrete is greater than the weight of the foundation but less than the combination of suction and lateral friction forces.
In addition, a weight block must work in its middle third, if differential settling occurs, the block may tip over.
Or else by placing piles by driving or drilling.
With such foundations, any risk of differential settling is very small or completely absent, however such foundations are poor at withstanding lateral forces (cyclic or otherwise) and a real danger remains that they may be laid bare.
The present invention seeks to remedy the above-mentioned drawbacks of foundations as currently used industrially.
The object to be achieved is to provide foundations by creating a block which is constituted by the ground itself.
A loaded foundation causes the ground to settle.
If the in-service load from the structure on the surface gives rise to traction forces, the behavior of the foundation poses a strength problem given the poor or non-existant traction strength of the ground.
The object of the present invention is achieved by the method of making a foundation by creating a block constituted by the ground itself, in which method:
at least one deep anchor point is established by using anchor means buried underground by pile-driving, which means extend, when in the anchoring position, up to the surface of the ground in order to project beyond said surface;
a slab is placed on the surface, the slab including at least one opening for passing extensions from said anchor means; and
traction is exerted on said slab in order to prestress the ground by using means situated above said slab to put said anchor means under tension until an in-service force is obtained suitable for holding the structure to be built on the surface.
In a preferred implementation of said method, a deep anchor point is obtained so as to obtain an underground effect of abutment against the ground by anchor means suitable for taking up a position which is substantially parallel to the surface of the ground on which said slab is disposed.
According to the method, the ground stress is directly evaluated and monitored by using a slab whose face in contact with the ground has an area equal to an integer multiple or submultiple of one square meter.
In order to implement the method, apparatus is used which is characterized by the fact that it comprises anchor means including at least one anchor line extending towards the surface of the ground and projecting beyond said surface, which anchor line is passed through an orifice made through a slab bearing against the ground, said anchor line being connected to means for putting it under tension,

REFERENCES:
patent: 3087308 (1963-04-01), Hart et al.
patent: 4043133 (1977-08-01), Yegge
patent: 4044513 (1977-08-01), Deike
patent: 4060994 (1977-12-01), Chitis

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