Cryptography – By modifying optical image
Patent
1997-08-27
2000-02-29
Swann, Tod R.
Cryptography
By modifying optical image
341 4, 341 8, 382283, G09C 300
Patent
active
060319143
ABSTRACT:
A technique for hiding of data, including watermarks, in human-perceptible images, that is, image host data, is disclosed. In one embodiment a method comprises three steps. In the first step, data to be embedded is inputted. In the case of a watermark, this data is a unique signature, and may be a pseudo-noise (PN) code. In the case of hidden data to be embedded in the host data, this data is the hidden data itself, or the hidden data as spread against the frequency spectrum by a pseudo-noise (PN) code. In the second step, the inputted data is embedded within the host data, in accordance with a perceptual mask of the host data. The perceptual mask determines the optimal locations within the host data to insert the inputted data. In the case of images, these optimal locations are determined by reference to the human visual system. In the third step, the host data, with the embedded data, is further masked by a non-frequency mask. In the case of image data, the non-frequency mask is a spatial mask.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3395024 (1968-07-01), Ear
patent: 4313197 (1982-01-01), Maxemchuk
patent: 4425661 (1984-01-01), Moses et al.
patent: 4495620 (1985-01-01), Steele et al.
patent: 4969041 (1990-11-01), O'Grady et al.
patent: 5010405 (1991-04-01), Schreiber et al.
patent: 5060262 (1991-10-01), Bevins, Jr. et al.
patent: 5285498 (1994-02-01), Johnston
patent: 5315098 (1994-05-01), Tow
patent: 5319735 (1994-06-01), Preuss et al.
patent: 5325290 (1994-06-01), Cauffman et al.
patent: 5379345 (1995-01-01), Greenberg
patent: 5386240 (1995-01-01), Hori
patent: 5404377 (1995-04-01), Moses
patent: 5450490 (1995-09-01), Jensen et al.
patent: 5461426 (1995-10-01), Limberg et al.
patent: 5465269 (1995-11-01), Schaffner et al.
patent: 5465308 (1995-11-01), Hutcheson et al.
patent: 5473631 (1995-12-01), Moses
patent: 5515296 (1996-05-01), Agarwal
patent: 5530759 (1996-06-01), Braudaway et al.
patent: 5579471 (1996-11-01), Barber et al.
patent: 5583941 (1996-12-01), Yoshida et al.
patent: 5606609 (1997-02-01), Houser et al.
patent: 5613004 (1997-03-01), Cooperman et al.
patent: 5646997 (1997-07-01), Barton
patent: 5687236 (1997-11-01), Moskowitz et al.
patent: 5710719 (1998-01-01), Houle
patent: 5710916 (1998-01-01), Barbaraet et al.
patent: 5809139 (1998-09-01), Girod et al.
patent: 5848155 (1998-12-01), Cox
patent: 5850481 (1998-12-01), Rhoads
patent: 5859920 (1999-01-01), Daly et al.
Swanson, M.D., et al., "Robust Data Hiding for Images", 4 p.
Swanson, M.D., et al., "Transparent Robust Image Watermaking", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 4 p., (1996).
Zhu, B., et al., "Transparet Robust Authentication and Distortion Measurement Technique for Images", 4 p.
Aizawa, K., "Model-Based Image Coding", Proceedings of the SPIE, Visual Communications and Image Processing '94, vol. 2308, Chicago, IL, 1035-1049 (Sep. 25-29, 1994).
Baritaud, T., et al., "On the Security of the Permuted Kernel Indentification Scheme", Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference, Advances in Cryptology--CRYPTO '92, Brickell, E.F., (ed.), Santa Barbara, CA, 305-311 (Aug. 16-20, 1992).
Bender, W., et al., "Techniques for Data Hiding", IBM Systems Journal, 35, 313-336 (1996).
Bender, W., et al., "Techniques for Data Hiding", SPIE, 2420, 164-173 (1995).
Boland, F.M., et al., "Watermarking Digital Images for Copyright Protection", IEE International Conference on Image Processing and Its Applications, Edinburgh, Scotland, 326-330 (Jul. 4-6, 1995).
Boney, L., et al., "Digital Watermarks for Audio Signals", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, Multimedia '96, Hiroshima, Japan, 473-480 (Jun. 1996).
Bors, A.G., et al., "Image Watermarking Using DCT Domain Constraints", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. III, Lausanne, Switzerland, 231-234 (Sep. 16-19, 1996).
Bouman, C., et al., "Multiple Resolution Segmentation of Textured Images", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 13, 99-113 (Feb. 1991).
Cawkell, A.E., "Picture-Queries and Picture Databases", The Journal of Information Science, 19, 409-423 (1993).
Chalom, E., et al., "Segmentation of an Image Sequence Using Multi-Dimensional Image Attributes", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. II, Lausanne, Switzerland, 525-528 (Sep. 16-19, 1996).
Chan, W.-Y., et al., "Generalized Product Code Vector Quantization: A Family of Efficient Techniques for Signal Compression", Digital Signal Processing, 4, 95-126 (1994).
Chang, S.-F., "Compressed-Domain Techniques for Image/Video Indexing and Manipulation", Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 1, Washington, D.C., 314-317 (Oct. 23-26, 1995).
Chang, S.-F., et al., "Transform Coding of Arbitrarily-Shaped Image Segments", Proceedings of the ACM, Multimedia 93, Anaheim, CA, 83-90 (Aug. 1-6, 1993).
Chitprasert, B., et al., "Human Visual Weighted Progressive Image Transmission", IEEE Transactions on Communications, 38, 1040-1044 (Jul. 1990).
Corset, I., et al., "MPEG-4: Very Low Bit Rate Coding for Multimedia Applications", Proceedings of the SPIE, Visual Communications and Image Processing '94, vol. 2308, Chicago, IL, 1065-1073 (Sep. 25-29, 1994).
Cox, I.J., et al., "Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Images, Audio and Video", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. III, Lausanne, Switzerland, 243-246 (Sep. 16-19, 1996).
Craver, S., et al., "Can Invisible Watermarks Resolve Rightful Ownership?", IBM Research Technical Report, RC 20509, IBM CyberJournal, 23 p. (Jul. 25, 1996).
Daubechies, I., et al., "Orthonormal Bases of Compactly Supported Wavelets", Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, XLI, 909-996 (Oct. 1988).
Faloutsos, C., et al., "Signature Files: An Access Method for Documents and Its Analytical Performance Evaluation", ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems, 2, 267-288 (Oct. 1984).
Flickner, M., et al., "Query by Image and Video Content: The QBIC System", Computer, 28, 23-32 (Sep. 1995).
Gary, J.E., et al., "Shape Similarity-Based Retrieval in Image Database Systems", Proceedings of the SPIE, Image Storage and Retrieval Systems, vol. 1662, San Jose, CA, 2-8 (Feb. 13-14, 1992).
Girod, B., "The Information Theoretical Significance of Spatial and Temporal Masking in Video Signals", Proceedings of the SPIE, Human Vision, Visual Processing and Digital Display, vol. 1077, 178-187 (1989).
Gruber, J., "Smart Paper", Wired, 2, 46 (Dec. 1994).
Gudivada, V.N., et al., "Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems", Computer, 28, 18-22 (Sep. 1995).
Hartung, F., et al., "Digital Watermarking of Raw and Compressed Video", SPIE, 2952, 205-213 (Oct. 1996).
Hirata, K., et al., "Rough Sketch-Based Image Information Retrieval", NEC Research & Development, 34, 463-473 (Apr. 1993).
Hirotsugu, K., "An Image Digital Signature System with ZKIP for the Graph Isomorphism", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. III, Lausanne, Switzerland, 247-250 (Sep. 16-19, (1996).
Hsu, C.-T., et al., "Hidden Signatures in Images", Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, vol. III, Lausanne, Switzerland, 223-226 (Spe. 16-19, 1996).
Huang, Z., et al., "Affine-Invariant B-Spline Moments for Curve Matching", IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 5, 1473-1480 (Oct. 1996).
Huffman, D.A., "A Method for the Construcion of Minimum-Redundancy Codes", Proceedings of the IRE, 40, 1098-1101 (1952).
Jacobs, C.E., et al., "Fast Multiresolution Image Querying", Proceedings of the ACM, Siggraph Conference on Computer Graphics, Los Angeles, CA, 277-286 (1995).
Jayant, N., et al., "Signal Compression Based on Models of Human Perception", Proceedings of the IEEE, 81, 1385-1422 (Oct. 1993).
Johnson, J.D., et al., "Wideband Coding--Perceptual Considerations for Speech and Music", In: Advances in Speech Signal Processing, Furui, S., et al., (eds.), Dekker, New York, pp. 109-140 (1992).
Le Gall, D., "MPEG: A Video
Swanson Mitchell D.
Tewfik Ahmed H.
Zhu Bin
Callahan Paul E.
Regents of the University of Minnesota
Swann Tod R.
LandOfFree
Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, i does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, i, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Method and apparatus for embedding data, including watermarks, i will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-690061